Table 5.

Removal-based methodologies of purine compounds from beer [65,96,99,104,105].

Target	Removal Agent	Method	Matrix	Application
Adenine, guanine, xanthine, adenosine, guanosine and inosine	Nucleoside phosphorylase isolated from calf spleen	Enzymatic degradation	Wort	Brewing process for the manufacture of a beer reduced in purines
Inosine and hypoxanthine	Purine nucleoside phosphosphorylase from K. lactis (KlacPNP) and KlacPNP256E variant	Enzymatic degradation	Beer	Reduction of the purine content of beer
Adenine and guanine	Recombinant adenine and guanine deaminases of K. lactis	Enzymatic degradation	Beer	Reduction of the purine content of beer
Nucleic acid derivatives (e.g., guanine and guanosine)	Activated carbon	Adsorption	Wort and beer	Recover and concentration of nucleic acids
Adenosine, guanosine and guanine	Activated charcoal prepared with beer lees	Adsorption	Beer and low-malt beer	Production of a malt fermented beverage with reduced purine content