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Diagram of the EGFR receptor and the signaling cascade: AKT, protein kinase B; EGF, epidermal growth factor; EGFR, EGF receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-related kinase; GRB2, growth factor receptor-bound protein-2; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; P13K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; SOS, son of sevenless; STATs, signal transducers and activators of transcription; TGF-α, tumor growth factor-α.
