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. 2021 Feb 9;45(5):575–582. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.02.001

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Behavioral assessment and anti-analgesic tendency of the carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis model and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats after treating with Gintonin. (A) Thickness, (B) squeaking score (a value of 0 indicates no pain), and (C) weight distribution ratio, indicated the severity of arthritis in rats. (D) Gintonin was administered orally 1 h before intraplantar injection of carrageenan to induce hyperalgesia. Three hours after carrageenan injection, nociceptive thresholds were measured. NOR = non-treated normal group, ART = carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis control group, ART + GIN25 = arthritis with Gintonin treatment at 25 mg/kg, ART + GIN50 = arthritis with Gintonin treatment at 50 mg/kg, ART + GIN100 = arthritis with Gintonin treatment at 100 mg/kg. All data are expressed as means ± S.E.M. (n = 6). ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. untreated group (NOR), #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. carrageenan/kaolin-induced group without Gintonin treatment (ART) (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction) and vs. carrageenan-induced group without Gintonin treatment (CON) (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test).