Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics associated with anosmia/ageusia
| Anosmia/ageusia,* n=2052 (1.53%) |
P value† | Anosmia/ageusia during peak, n=1521 (1.12%) | Anosmia/ageusia after peak, n=531 (0.41%) | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | |||
| 18–24 | 253 (1.27) | 168 (0.86) | 85 (0.41) | |
| 25–34 | 431 (1.92) | 322 (1.43) | 109 (0.48) | |
| 35–44 | 510 (1.83) | 379 (1.33) | 131 (0.50) | |
| 45–54 | 521 (1.57) | 407 (1.22) | 114 (0.35) | |
| 55–64 | 337 (1.07) | 245 (0.76) | 92 (0.31) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Men | 773 (1.22) | 570 (0.88) | 203 (0.34) | |
| Women | 1279 (1.84) | 951 (1.37) | 328 (0.47) | |
| Ethnoracial status | <0.001 | |||
| Mainstream population | 1454 (1.35) | 1075 (0.98) | 379 (0.36) | |
| Non-racialised first-generation immigrants | 94 (2.20) | 69 (1.48) | 25 (0.72) | |
| Non-racialised second-generation immigrants | 108 (1.79) | 80 (1.37) | 28 (0.42) | |
| Racialised first-generation immigrants | 164 (1.86) | 127 (1.43) | 37 (0.43) | |
| Racialised second generation immigrants | 170 (2.62) | 125 (1.95) | 45 (0.67) | |
| DOM or descendants of DOM native | 62 (2.67) | 45 (1.95) | 17 (0.72) | |
| Social class | <0.001 | |||
| Self-employed and entrepreneurs | 92 (1.39) | 63 (0.91) | 29 (0.48) | |
| Senior executive professionals | 454 (1.81) | 365 (1.45) | 89 (0.37) | |
| Middle executive professionals | 434 (1.89) | 313 (1.35) | 121 (0.54) | |
| Skilled employees | 203 (1.83) | 160 (1.44) | 43 (0.39) | |
| Low-skilled employees | 356 (1.56) | 254 (1.10) | 102 (0.45) | |
| Skilled manual workers | 125 (0.99) | 87 (0.68) | 38 (0.31) | |
| Low-skilled manual workers | 62 (1.11) | 38 (0.76) | 24 (0.34) | |
| Never worked and others | 326 (1.28) | 241 (0.93) | 85 (0.35) | |
| Standard of living (in deciles) | 0.003 | |||
| D1 | 209 (1.41) | 140 (0.92) | 69 (0.49) | |
| D2-D3 | 316 (1.33) | 221 (0.94) | 95 (0.39) | |
| D4-D5 | 349 (1.49) | 255 (1.10) | 94 (0.39) | |
| D6-D7 | 389 (1.47) | 295 (1.10) | 94 (0.37) | |
| D8-D9 | 519 (1.77) | 388 (1.32) | 131 (0.45) | |
| D10 | 247 (1.74) | 209 (1.46) | 38 (0.28) | |
| Formal education | <0.001 | |||
| No diploma | 123 (1.43) | 82 (0.89) | 41 (0.54) | |
| Primary education | 74 (1.03) | 53 (0.77) | 21 (0.25) | |
| Vocational secondary | 335 (1.17) | 229 (0.80) | 106 (0.36) | |
| High school | 467 (1.48) | 330 (1.03) | 137 (0.44) | |
| High school+2–4 years | 663 (1.82) | 502 (1.38) | 161 (0.44) | |
| High school+5 or more years | 390 (1.95) | 325 (1.62) | 65 (0.33) | |
| Working arrangement during lockdown | <0.001 | |||
| Not working and others | 669 (1.33) | 484 (0.96) | 185 (0.38) | |
| Remote working only | 376 (1.79) | 308 (1.46) | 68 (0.33) | |
| Working outside the home partly or only | 1007 (1.62) | 729 (1.16) | 278 (0.45) | |
| High density of the place of residence | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1078 (1.21) | 778 (0.85) | 300 (0.36) | |
| Yes | 974 (2.04) | 743 (1.56) | 231 (0.49) | |
| Overcrowded housing | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1719 (1.44) | 1280 (1.07) | 439 (0.37) | |
| Yes | 333 (2.12) | 241 (1.47) | 92 (0.64) | |
| Number of persons living in the house | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 232 (1.34) | 175 (1.01) | 57 (0.33) | |
| 2 | 472 (1.28) | 348 (0.94) | 124 (0.35) | |
| 3–4 | 979 (1.61) | 720 (1.17) | 259 (0.44) | |
| 5 or more | 369 (1.95) | 278 (1.46) | 91 (0.49) | |
| Essential occupation | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1193 (1.39) | 908 (1.05) | 285 (0.34) | |
| Healthcare workers | 205 (2.94) | 131 (1.78) | 74 (1.16) | |
| Others | 654 (1.61) | 482 (1.18) | 172 (0.43) | |
| Region | <0.001 | |||
| Least affected regions | 866 (1.04) | 622 (0.73) | 244 (0.31) | |
| Grand Est | 305 (2.15) | 242 (1.72) | 63 (0.43) | |
| Hauts-de-France | 215 (1.50) | 147 (1.03) | 68 (0.47) | |
| Ile-de-France | 666 (2.85) | 510 (2.16) | 156 (0.68) |
Data are presented as n (%).
Significant χ2 tests are indicated in bold.
*Symptoms were recorded if they occured between the 17 March 2020 and the date of survey (from 2 May to 2 June 2020).
†χ2 test for anosmia/ageusia during the whole period (yes or no).
DOM, French Overseas Departments.