Table 5.
Summary of mechanical and thermal properties of the reviewed TSFRP composites and recycled composites.
| System (Polymers, Composites, Recycled Systems) | Tg (°C) |
Td (°C) |
E (GPa) |
TS (MPa) |
εmax (%) |
FM (GPa) |
FS (MPa) |
IS (kJ/m2) |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amine-cured epoxy/CF | 210 | [79] | |||||||
| 15 wt % recycled epoxy | 169 | 7 | 80 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 102 | |||
| Disulfide-cured DGEBA | 130 | 300 | 2.6 (E’) | 88 | 7.1 | 557 a | 159 a | [81] | |
| Disulfide-cured DGEBA/CF | 595 b | 194 b | |||||||
| Dual disulfide epoxy/CF | 131 | ≈275 | ≈7 | 334 | ≈8.0 | [82] | |||
| Recycled-CF composite | 126 | ≈7 | 321 | ≈7.5 | |||||
| Fatty acid-cured DGEBA/CF and 4th generation recycled composite | ≈30 | ≈1.8 | ≈88 | ≈5.0 | [83] | ||||
| Anhydride-cured DGEBA/CF | 157 | ≈4.0 | ≈80 | ≈3.5 | [84] | ||||
| PBA-cured novolac/CF | 200 | 24.2 | 411 | [85] | |||||
| 3rd generation recycled composite | 202 | 20.1 | 381 | ||||||
| 1-ply polyimine/CF | 55 | 14.2 | 399 | 3.3 | [86] | ||||
| 2-ply polyimine/CF | 55 | 12.2 | 309 | 3.8 | |||||
| 1-ply polyimine/CF | 135 | 15.5 | 148 | 1.0 | |||||
| 2-ply polyimine/CF | 135 | 12.2 | 198 | 1.6 | |||||
| Pristine polyimine | 55 | 1.8 | 45 | 4.2 | |||||
| 33 wt % recycled polyimine | 1.3 | 42 | 6.1 | ||||||
| Imine-bearing epoxy/CF | 172 | 323 | 35.3 | 763 | 3.0 | [87] | |||
| Spiro diacetal epoxy | 169 | 278 | 3.13 | 85.0 | 5.10 | [89] | |||
| Spiro diacetal DGEBA | 132 | 2.53 | 74.0 | 14.2 | |||||
| Spiro diacetal epoxy/CF | 40.0 | 731 | 2.90 | ||||||
| Recyclamine®-cured Super- Sap® | 102 | 22.9 | 579 | 3.33 | [90] | ||||
| epoxy/CF laminates | |||||||||
| Recovered thermoplastic | 79.5 | 2.40 | 55.0 | ||||||
| Similar/FF c laminates | 56.3 | 9.97 | 82.2 | 6.47 | 77.5 | [91] | |||
| Similar/CF laminates | 51.5 | 23.7 | 519 | 31.2 | 193 | ||||
| Similar/FCF d hybrid laminates | 55.6 | 16.3 | 310 | 6.26 | 90.2 | ||||
| Similar/CFC e hybrid laminates | 59.8 | 25.6 | 301 | 35.2 | 214 | ||||
| Recovered thermoplastic | 2.21 | 55.4 | |||||||
| Recovered thermoplastic/KeF f | 2.84 | 58.9 | |||||||
| Unidirectional CF/PHT composite | 199 | 384 | 142 | 1806 | 1.4 | 127 | 1241 | [92] | |
| Cross-ply CF/PHT composite | 198 | 376 | 68.3 | 741 | 1.2 | 54.8 | 829 | ||
| Recycled cross-ply CF/PHT | 54.8 | 829 |
(a) from manual lay-up; (b) from prepregs; (c) flax fiber; (d) flax-carbon-flax stacking; (e) carbon-flax-carbon stacking; (f) kenaf fiber; Tg, glass transition temperature; Td, degradation temperature; E, Young’s modulus; TS, tensile strength; εmax, elongation at break; FM, flexural modulus; FS, flexural strength; IS, impact strength.