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. 2021 Oct 27;13(21):3707. doi: 10.3390/polym13213707

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Workflow for the study of cocoa bean shells (CBSs) as filler of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in biomaterial development. (A) CBSs collected after fermentation, roasting, and peeling of the cocoa bean from the Andean region of Colombia were processed by autoclaving, drying, and cryogenic grinding. (B) Chemical characterization by extraction and combustion was made to determine the chemical components of CBS. (C) Proof-of-concept for the fabrication, tensile, and thermal testing of PLA/CBS composites produced 2.5 wt.% CBS. (D) Preliminary biocompatibility assessment of CBS and PLA/CBS composites via DPPH radical scavenging activity, hemocompatibility (hemolysis and platelet activity), and cytotoxicity assays. Created with BioRender.com.