Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Total (N=707) | Survivors (n=612) | Non-Survivors (n=95) | P value | |
| Age, years | 46.6±10.4 | 46.0±10.1 | 50.2±11.0 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, % | 552 (78.1) | 486 (79.4) | 66 (69.5) | 0.041 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6±4.00 | 25.6±4.07 | 25.5±3.50 | 0.704 |
| Hypertension | 512 (72.4) | 441 (72.1) | 71 (74.7) | 0.674 |
| Current/past smoker | 296 (41.9) | 257 (42.0) | 39 (41.1) | 0.951 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (2.1) | 13 (2.1) | 2 (2.1) | 1.000 |
| Coronary artery disease | 48 (6.8) | 41 (6.7) | 7 (7.4) | 0.811 |
| Aortic regurgitation | 260 (36.8) | 216 (35.3) | 44 (46.3) | 0.050 |
| Renal insufficiency | 35 (5.0) | 24 (3.9) | 11 (11.6) | 0.003 |
| Stroke | 34 (4.8) | 29 (4.7) | 5 (5.3) | 0.788 |
| Pericardial effusion | 99 (14.0) | 85 (13.9) | 14 (14.7) | 0.744 |
| Chest pain | 623 (88.1) | 540 (88.2) | 83 (87.4) | 0.997 |
| Back pain | 223 (31.5) | 196 (32.0) | 27 (28.4) | 0.757 |
| Abdominal pain | 255 (36.1) | 215 (35.1) | 40 (42.1) | 0.113 |
| Time form onset of symptom to surgery (days) | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 0.755 |
| Haemoglobin level, g/L | 131.7±19.3 | 132±19.3 | 129±19.1 | 0.197 |
| White cell count, ×109/L | 11.1±4.13 | 11.1±4.06 | 11.3±4.60 | 0.692 |
| EF <50%, % | 32 (4.5) | 20 (3.3) | 12 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| HR in ED, bpm | 87.8±15.6 | 87.7±15.5 | 88.3±16.8 | 0.564 |
| Preoperative HR, bpm | 83.4±15.2 | 82.6±14.9 | 88.2±16.2 | 0.002 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 136±25.7 | 136±25.5 | 135.5±27.3 | 0.997 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 61.2±15.8 | 61.2±15.4 | 61.2±18.0 | 0.803 |
| Mean blood pressure, mm Hg | 85.7±17.3 | 85.7±17.0 | 85.2±19.2 | 0.548 |
| History of cardiac surgery | 17 (2.4) | 13 (2.1) | 3 (3.2) | 0.466 |
| Concomitant procedures | 301 (42.6) | 252 (41.2) | 49 (51.6) | 0.072 |
| CPB time, min | 199.8±66.2 | 193±51.3 | 241±118 | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative blood loss, mL | 959.0±766.1 | 959.0±766.1 | 959.0±766.1 | 0.019 |
Values are expressed as mean±SD or n (%), as appropriate.
BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats/min; CPB, cardiopulmonary by pass; ED, emergency department; EF, ejection fraction; HR, heart rate.