Figure 1.

(a) Overview of the classic gold foil experiment of Geiger and Marsden, (b) overview of a modern nuclear microbeam as applied to elemental analysis of single crystals as discussed herein, and overview of how depth profiling with a nuclear microbeam is achieved using (c) knowledge of matrix energy loss (which is proportional to depth) combined with (d) the unique scattering kinematics associated with each element.