FIGURE 10.

Gliquidone abolishes LPS-induced STAT3 and NF-κB phosphorylation in primary astrocytes. (A,B) Primary astrocytes were treated sequentially with LPS or PBS and with gliquidone (5 μM) or vehicle (1% DMSO) as indicated, and immunocytochemistry was performed with an anti-GFAP antibody. The purity of the primary astrocytes was measured by the GFAP/DAPI ratio (C, n = 1726; L, n = 876; LPS + gliquidone, n = 1527). (C–F) Immunocytochemistry analysis of GFAP and p-STAT3^S727 or GFAP and p-NF-κB^S536 expression in primary astrocytes treated sequentially with LPS and gliquidone (p-STAT3^S727: C, n = 94; L, n = 145; LPS + gliquidone, n = 76; p-NF-κB^S536: C, n = 59; L, n = 68; LPS + gliquidone, n = 75). ***p < 0.001, Scale bar = 20 μM.