Table 2.

Grain size evolution during FSW through addition of reinforcements.

Alloy	The Mean Grain Size of SZ (Before the Addition of Reinforcement)	Nanomaterial of Reinforcement	The Mean Grain Size of SZ (After the Addition of Reinforcement)	Reference
AZ31	$10.5\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	SiC	$3.6\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	[104]
AA6061andAZ31	$13\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	SiC	$4\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	[96,105]
AA6061	$8.37\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	Graphene	$5.18\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	[39]
AA5083-H111	$6.6\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	TiC	$4.7\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	[106]
AA5083	$18.5\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	$\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_2$	$8.5\mathsf{\mu }\mathrm{m}$	[107]