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. 2021 Nov 3;14(21):6631. doi: 10.3390/ma14216631

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© 2021 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Architecture difference between internal combustion engine vehicles and battery electric vehicles: (a) ICE, Toyota Crown redesigned platform, 2018 [18], and (b) BEV, Hyundai/Kia/Genesis E-GMP platform, 2021 [19].