Table 1.
Electrochemical choline biosensors.
| S/N | Working Electrodes | Potentials (V) | Buffer | Technique | Linear Range (μM) | LoD (μM) |
Sensitivity (μA/μM) |
Application | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ChOx/(MWCNTs/PANI)3/PANI)3/GCE | +0.4/SCE | PBS (6.98) | Amperometry | 1–2000 | 0.3 | *** | *** | [63] |
| 2 | AChE-ChO/cMWCNT/ZrO2/GCE | +0.2 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (7.4) | Amperometry | 0.05–200 | 0.01 | *** | Serum | [41] |
| 3 | PDDA/ChOx/ZnO/MWCNT/PGE | +0.6 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (7.8) | Amperometry | 800–1000 | 0.3 | 0.178 | *** | [40] |
| 4 | ChOx/PDDA)n(PVS)PAA)3/MWCNT/Pt | +0.6 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (8) | Amperometry | 0.5–100 | 0.2 | 0.012 | *** | [59] |
| 5 | MWCNTs/GNP/ChOx-PDDA/Pt | +0.35 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (7.6) | Amperometry | 1–500 | 0.3 | 0.012 | *** | [60] |
| 6 | MWCNTs/AuNP/Pt | +0.6 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (8) | Amperometry | 50–800 | 15 | 3.5 × 10−3 | *** | [64] |
| 7 | ChOx/(GNP)4/MWCNT/GCE | −0.3 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (8.5) | Amperometry | 3–120 | 0.6 | 0.204 | Milk | [11] |
| 8 | f-MWCNT/Fe3O4L/GCE | +0.58 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (7.3) | SWV | 0.3–2.2 | 0.8 | 0.107 | CDP | [42] |
| 9 | f-MWCNT/Fe3O4F/GCE | +0.58 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (7.3) | SWV | 0.3–2.2 | 0.3 | 0.673 | CDP | [42] |
| 10 | Nafion/ChOx/MnO2/GCE | +0.7 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (8) | Amperometry | 8–1000 | 5 | *** | *** | [39] |
| 11 | ChOx/MnO2/Chit/GCE | +0.45 vs. Ag/AgCl | PBS (7.8) | SWV | 10–2100 | *** | *** | *** | [43] |
| 12 | NiO/CPE | +5.5 vs. Ag/AgCl | NaOH | Amperometry | 250–6980 | 25.4 | 6 × 10−5 | *** | [44] |
Note: *** is not stated.