Table 3.

Selected medicinal and aromatic plant extracts with biostimulant activity.

Medicinal/Aromatic Plant	Common Names	Plant Part	Application Method	Tested Concentrations	Biostimulated Parameters	Reference
Acacia gourmaensis		Bark	Seed immersion in extract	25% w/v	Seedling emergence, growth, vigour and weight in sorghum and pearl millet.	[110]
Eclipta alba	False daisy	Whole plant	Seed immersion in extract	25% w/v	Grain yield, seedling emergence, growth, vigour and weight in pearl millet and sorghum	[110]
Moringa oleifera	Moringa, horse-radish tree	Leaves	Foliar spray	1:32 v/v from 1000% w/v stock solution	Growth and yield in Cauliflower	[76]
		Leaves	Foliar spray	4%, 5%, 6% from 10% w/v stock solution	Yield, colour, weight and firmness of plums	[111]
		Leaves and twigs	Foliar spray	1, 2, 3% leaf and 1, 2, 3% twig extracts	Plant height, fresh herb weight and dry herb weight in rocket	[18]
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.	Hawthorn	Leaves		0.1, 1.0 mL/L of commercial extract	Dry weight of both roots and leaves of the maize plants	[19]
Tephrosia vogelii	Vogel’s tephrosia, fish-poison bean	Leaves	Foliar spray and soil drench	10% w/v	Plant height, number of leaves and branches, leaf area, stem width, leaf greenness in beans	[112]
		Leaves	Plant spraying	0.5, 2, 5% w/v	Yield (number of pods, pod length, shelled bean weight and seeds) in beans	[113]
		Leaves	Plant spraying	5, 10, 20% from 50% w/v stock solution	Yield of watermelon	[114]
Allium sativum	Garlic	Clove	Seed soaking	100, 50, 25, 12.5% w/v	Percentage germination as well as root and shoot length of seedlings and plant vigour in rice	[115]
		Bulbs	Fertigation and foliar application	50, 100, 200 µg/mL	Plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight in tomatoes	[109]
Zingiber officinale	Ginger	Rhizome	Foliar application	10 and 15% from 50% w/v stock solution	Fruit yield in cucumber	[116]

The tested concentrations italicized in bold gave the highest biostimulant effect out of the tested concentrations.