Figure 2.

Composite cathode issues in Li–S batteries include low S loading/utilization, large volume change during cycling, poor compaction density, polysulfide dissolution, and limited electronic/ionic conductivities. Corresponding strategies for enhancing cathode composite architecture to improve electrochemical performance include (1) decorating nanosized sulfur in a robust hierarchical conductive matrix and (2) improving compaction with polar radical compounds, functional binders, and external stacking pressure.