Table 2.
Detailed data on potential predictors for delirium following total joint arthroplasty and the outcomes of meta-analysis
| Variable | No. of studies | Pooled OR (95% CI) | Statistical | P-value | Effects model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heterogeneity | ||||||
| I2 (%) | Chi2 | |||||
| Demographic predictors | ||||||
| Gender (male) | 13 | 1.14 (0.88, 1.47) | 44 | 0.05 | 0.33 | Fixed |
| Advanced age | 10 | 3.81(1.80, 5.83) a | 86 | < 0.00001 | 0.0002 | Random |
| Education | 2 | −0.18 (−1.03, 0.67) a | 0 | 0.68 | 0.68 | Fixed |
| BMI | 4 | −0.19 (− 0.37, 0.74) a | 0 | 0.88 | 0.51 | Fixed |
| Smoking | 3 | 1.18 (0.68, 2.04) | 0 | 0.94 | 0.56 | Fixed |
| Alcohol abuse | 4 | 1.29 (0.42, 3.91) | 83 | 0.0006 | 0.65 | Random |
| Physical status-related predictors | ||||||
| Preoperative MMSE score | 6 | −0.40(−0.69, −0.12) a | 16 | 0.31 | 0.006 | Fixed |
| Diabetes | 4 | 2.02 (1.15, 3.55) | 0 | 0.87 | 0.01 | Fixed |
| Hypertension | 4 | 2.26 (1.31, 3.89) | 0 | 0.91 | 0.003 | Fixed |
| Ischemic heart disease heart disease | 2 | 0.77 (0.17, 3.41) | 0 | 0.73 | 0.73 | Fixed |
| Stroke | 2 | 14.61(5.26, 40.55) | 41 | 0.19 | < 0.00001 | Fixed |
| Dementia | 3 | 24.85 (7.26, 85.02) | 0 | 0.88 | < 0.00001 | Fixed |
| Psychiatric illness | 4 | 2.72 (1.45, 5.08) | 0 | 0.91 | 0.002 | Fixed |
| Hyperlipidemia | 2 | 0.99 (0.55, 1.79) | 0 | 0.97 | 0.98 | Fixed |
| Surgical site infection | 2 | 5.09 (0.29, 90.26) | 81 | 0.02 | 0.27 | Random |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 2 | 10.77 (0.04, 2680.35) | 92 | 0.0003 | 0.4 | Random |
| Surgery-related predictors | ||||||
| General anesthesia | 5 | 1.31 (0.92, 1.86) | 48 | 0.1 | 0.14 | Fixed |
| Spinal/epidural anesthesia | 4 | 0.69 (0.46, 1.05) | 0 | 0.78 | 0.08 | Fixed |
| Operation time | 3 | 0.68 (−7.30, 8.66) a | 57 | 0.1 | 0.87 | Random |
| Intraoperative blood loss | 4 | 8.01 (−71.43, 87.46) a | 75 | 0.008 | 0.84 | Random |
| Knee arthroplasty | 4 | 1.28 (0.87, 1.88) | 6 | 0.36 | 0.22 | Fixed |
| Hip arthroplasty | 4 | 0.78 (0.53, 1.15) | 6 | 0.36 | 0.22 | Fixed |
| Drug-related predictors | ||||||
| Use of sedative-hypnotics | 3 | 6.42 (2.53, 16.27) | 0 | 0.57 | < 0.0001 | Fixed |
| Laboratory predictors | ||||||
| Preoperative levels of hemoglobin | 4 | −0.56 (−0.89, −0.22) a | 52 | 0.1 | 0.001 | Random |
| Preoperative levels of creatinine | 2 | −0.80 (−7.22, 5.62) a | 56 | 0.13 | 0.81 | Random |
| Postoperative day 1 sodium | 2 | −0.17 (−1.73, 1.38) a | 0 | 0.85 | 0.83 | Fixed |
| Postoperative day 1 potassium | 2 | 0.08 (−0.14, 0.29) a | 0 | 0.52 | 0.48 | Fixed |
| Postoperative day 1 hemoglobin | 2 | −0.57 (−1.44, 0.30) a | 57 | 0.13 | 0.2 | Random |
| Postoperative day 3 sodium | 2 | −1.27 (−2.67, 0.13) a | 0 | 0.79 | 0.08 | Fixed |
| Postoperative day 3 potassium | 2 | −0.06 (−0.23, 0.10) a | 0 | 0.63 | 0.45 | Fixed |
| Postoperative day 3 hemoglobin | 2 | −0.66 (−1.88, 0.56) a | 61 | 0.11 | 0.29 | Random |
a Mean difference effect estimate, MMSE mini mental state examination, BMI body mass index, CI confidence intervals, I2 inconsistency value, OR odd ratio, P-value probability value, Fixed Fixed-effect model, Random Random-effect model