Table 1.

Physical and biochemical characteristics of the population characterized into 4 groups: non-diabetic non obese (ND-Nob), non-diabetic obese (ND-ob), type 2 diabetes non obese (T2D-Nob) and type 2 diabetes obese (T2D-ob).

Phenotype	ND (n = 124)		T2D (n = 104)		ANOVA	Tukey Multiple comparisons
	Nob	ob	Nob	ob		ND-Nob			ND-ob		T2D-Nob
	(n = 73)	(n = 51)	(n = 38)	(n = 66)	Overall p	ND-ob	T2D-Nob	T2D-ob	T2D-Nob	T2D-ob	T2D-ob
Age (years)	40.5 ± 1.40	43.64 ± 1.77	51.24 ± 1.60	52.91 ± 1.11	<0.0001	0.0237	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.9159
†BMI (kg/m2)	25.31 ± 0.35	34.04 ± 0.45	26.89 ± 0.37	34.34 ± 0.30	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.7466	<0.0001
Waist/Hip ratio	0.83 ± 0.02	0.89 ± 0.01	0.92 ± 0.02	0.98 ± 0.03	<0.0001	ns	ns	<0.0001	ns	<0.0001	<0.0001
‡TC (mmol/L)	5.10 ± 0.11	5.09 ± 0.14	4.84 ± 0.27	4.93 ± 0.14	0.0296	0.8574	0.2524	0.3065	0.0857	0.0866	0.9719
§HDL (mmol/L)	1.39 ± 0.05	1.34 ± 0.05	1.23 ± 0.10	1.15 ± 0.05	<0.0001	0.0004	0.0351	<0.0001	0.9889	0.8067	0.742
LDL (mmol/L)	3.19 ± 0.1	3.21 ± 0.13	3.02 ± 0.21	3.0 ± 0.13	0.0137	0.6076	0.3803	0.2613	0.0709	0.0245	0.9993
§§TGL (mmol/L)	1.12 ± 0.12	1.214 ± 0.10	1.50 ± 0.18	1.71 ± 0.15	<0.0001	0.0005	0.0139	<0.0001	ns	0.0902	0.2734
††FBG (mmol/L)	5.23 ± 0.15	5.45 ± 0.13	7.21 ± 0.38	8.70 ± 0.41	<0.0001	0.7591	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
‡‡HbA1c (DCCT%)	5.56 ± 0.09	5.57 ± 0.08	6.66 ± 0.21	8.23 ± 0.22	<0.0001	0.5203	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Insulin	8.96 ± 0.79	9.58 ± 0.91	16.80 ± 2.16	14.13 ± 1.37	<0.0001	0.0001	0.4693	0.0016	0.2488	0.9732	0.4678

Data are presented as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare various clinical and biochemical parameters (n=228). ^†BMI (body mass index); ^‡TC (total cholesterol); ^§HDL (high-density lipoprotein); ^¶LDL (low-density lipoprotein); ^§§TGL (triglycerides); ^††FBG (fasting blood glucose); ^‡‡HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c). Tukey post-hoc analysis was performed to compare the groups. ns = >0.9999.

Bold values indicate statistically significant results.