TABLE 4.
Joint associations of self-reported unrestrained eating and BMI with digestive system cancer risk1
| No and low BMI2 | No and high BMI2 | Yes and low BMI2 | Yes and high BMI2 | P-interaction3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joint associations according to eating anything at any time and BMI | |||||
| All digestive system cancers | |||||
| Cases | 694 | 731 | 221 | 296 | |
| Multivariable4 | 1 [Reference] | 1.16 (1.04, 1.30) | 1.25 (1.07, 1.46) | 1.46 (1.26, 1.69) | 0.96 |
| Gastrointestinal tract cancers | |||||
| Cases | 477 | 483 | 167 | 211 | |
| Multivariable4 | 1 | 1.15 (1.00, 1.31) | 1.39 (1.16, 1.67) | 1.55 (1.30, 1.85) | 0.82 |
| Colorectal cancer | |||||
| Cases | 381 | 371 | 110 | 167 | |
| Multivariable4 | 1 | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.19 (0.95, 1.47) | 1.56 (1.28, 1.90) | 0.25 |
| Joint associations according to no concern with figure change and BMI | |||||
| All digestive system cancers | |||||
| Cases | 682 | 512 | 282 | 480 | |
| Multivariable4 | 1 | 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) | 1.21 (1.07, 1.38) | 0.41 |
| Gastrointestinal tract cancers | |||||
| Cases | 489 | 350 | 200 | 324 | |
| Multivariable4 | 1 | 1.15 (0.99, 1.32) | 1.12 (0.95, 1.33) | 1.18 (1.01, 1.37) | 0.45 |
| Colorectal cancer | |||||
| Cases | 378 | 269 | 157 | 255 | |
| Multivariable4 | 1 | 1.15 (0.98, 1.36) | 1.16 (0.96, 1.40) | 1.23 (1.03, 1.46) | 0.54 |
| Joint associations according to eating anything at any time + no concern with figure change and BMI | |||||
| All digestive system cancers | |||||
| Cases | 511 | 407 | 106 | 167 | |
| Multivariable4 | 1 | 1.23 (1.07, 1.42) | 1.38 (1.12, 1.72) | 1.50 (1.24, 1.81) | 0.36 |
| Gastrointestinal tract cancers | |||||
| Cases | 358 | 277 | 83 | 124 | |
| Multivariable4 | 1 | 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) | 1.62 (1.26, 2.07) | 1.64 (1.31, 2.04) | 0.27 |
| Colorectal cancer | |||||
| Cases | 280 | 212 | 57 | 99 | |
| Multivariable4 | 1 | 1.22 (1.00, 1.47) | 1.51 (1.13, 2.03) | 1.76 (1.37, 2.26) | 0.81 |
Data are expressed as HRs and 95% CIs or numbers of cases unless otherwise indicated. NHS, Nurses’ Health Study.
Self-reported behavior of unrestrained eating was dichotomized into “no” category compared with “yes” category, cumulative average BMI was dichotomized into a “low” category (20 to <25 kg/m2) compared with a “high” category (≥25 kg/m2), resulting in 4categories (no and low, no and high, yes and low, and yes and high, i.e., not having this behavior and with low BMI, not having this behavior and with high BMI, having this behavior and with low BMI, and having this behavior and with high BMI).
P value for interaction was calculated using the multiplication of status of having this behavior (0 for “no” and 1 for “yes”) and cumulative average BMI (0 for “low” and 1 for “high”).
HRs and 95% CIs were generated by Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusted for the same sets of covariates as denoted in Table 2.