Table 3. Association Between Sedentary Behavior and Metabolic Syndromea Components Among Men and Women, Mexico National Survey of Health and Nutrition Mid-way 2016.
| Characteristic | Metabolic Syndrome,a PR (95% CI) | Hyperglicemia, PR (95% CI) | Hypertriglyceridemia, PR (95% CI) | Hypertension, PR (95% CI) | Abdominal Obesity, PR (95% CI) | Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, PR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Screen-based sedentary time, h/d | 1.04 (1.00–1.08)b | 0.88 (0.82–0.95)c | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) | 1.04 (1.02–1.07)c | 1.03 (1.01–1.05)c |
| Age d, y | 1.01 (1.01–1.02)c | 1.03 (1.01–1.04)c | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) |
| Waist e, cm | ||||||
| Quintile 2 | — | 1.48 (0.72–3.06) | 1.55 (1.02–2.36)b | 1.34 (0.68–2.64) | — | 1.41 (1.13– 1.78)c |
| Quintile 3 | — | 1.90 (1.01–3.56)b | 1.92 (1.34–2.76)c | 1.59 (0.86–2.95) | — | 1.34 (1.05–1.70) |
| Quintile 4 | — | 1.91 (0.98–3.73) | 2.18 (1.58–3.02)c | 2.24 (1.22–4.09)b | — | 1.51 (1.21–1.88)b |
| Quintile 5 | — | 3.25 (1.76–6.03)b | 2.20 (1.55–3.13)c | 3.27 (1.93–5.54)c | — | 1.32 (1.03–1.69)b |
| Physical activityf | ||||||
| Active | 0.71 (0.59–0.84)c | 0.72 (0.51–1.01) | 0.78 (0.66–0.93)c | 0.80 (0.53–1.22) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) |
| Time sleepingg, h/d | ||||||
| <7 h | 1.42 (1.10–1.85)c | 0.90 (0.67–1.20) | 0.88 (0.72–1.08) | 1.03 (0.78–1.37) | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) |
| >9 h | 1.12 (0.65–1.92) | 0.94 (0.54–1.64) | 0.96 (0.69–1.32) | 0.95 (0.57–1.58) | 1.29 (1.05–1.59)b | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) |
| Socioeconomic statush | ||||||
| Medium | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) | 0.80 (0.57–1.14) | 1.07 (0.85–1.36) | 0.99 (0.73–1.36) | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) |
| High | 1.38 (1.10–1.72)c | 1.23 (0.87–1.74) | 1.12 (0.90–1.41) | 0.98 (0.67–1.42) | 1.24 (1.01–1.51) | 0.83 (0.71–0.98) |
| Educationi | ||||||
| Middle school | 0.92 (0.72–1.18) | 1.38 (0.97–1.97) | 1.05 (0.86–1.30) | 0.68 (0.48–0.96)b | 0.98 (0.77–1.23) | 1.02 (0.88–1.16) |
| University level | 0.89 (0.69–1.15) | 1.42 (0.93–2.17) | 1.07 (0.85–1.36) | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 0.88 (0.72–1.09) | 1.05 (0.89–1.22) |
| Women | ||||||
| Screen-based sedentary time, h/d | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.94 (0.85–1.05) | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 1.07 (1.01–1.13)b | 1.04 (1.02–1.05)c | 1.03 (1.01–1.05)c |
| Age d, y | 1.02 (1.02–1.03)c | 1.03 (1.02–1.05)c | 1.0 (1.0–1.10)c | 1.04 (1.03–1.06)c | 1.00 (1.00–1.01)c | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Waist,e cm | ||||||
| Quintile 2 | — | 1.26 (0.76–2.10) | 1.60 (1.11–2.31) | 1.73 (1.03–2.92) | — | 1.42 (1.13–1.78)c |
| Quintile 3 | — | 1.67 (1.06–2.64)b | 1.82 (1.20–2.76)c | 1.35 (0.78–2.34) | — | 1.34 (1.05–1.70)b |
| Quintile 4 | — | 2.51 (1.61–3.91)c | 2.22 (1.58–3.14)c | 1.77 (1.12–2.79)b | — | 1.51 (1.22–1.88)c |
| Quintile 5 | — | 2.74 (1.74–4.32)c | 1.91 (1.32–2.80)c | 2.84 (1.73–4.66)c | — | 1.32 (1.04–1.69)b |
| Physical activityf | ||||||
| Active | 1.15 (0.92–1.43) | 1.07 (0.81–1.41) | 1.17 (0.90–1.51) | 1.20 (0.88–1.64) | 1.09 (1.00–1.18) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
| Time sleepingg, h/d | ||||||
| <7 hours | 0.94 (0.73–1.21) | 1.06 (0.76–1.48) | 0.88 (0.71–1.09) | 0.87 (0.58–1.32) | 1.08 (1.02–1.15)c | 0.92 (0.79–1.08) |
| >9 hours | 1.01 (0.78–1.30) | 0.32 (0.15–0.66) | 1.12 (0.86–1.44) | 1.21 (0.74–1.98) | 1.08 (1.03–1.14)c | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) |
| Socioeconomic statush | ||||||
| Medium | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
| High | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
| Educationi | ||||||
| Middle school | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| University level | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) |
Abbreviations: —, indicates the absence of value, depending on the variable defined as outcome; PR, prevalence ratio.
Harmonizing metabolic syndrome, defined as having 3 or more of the following: a waist circumference of ≥90 cm in men or ≥80 cm in women; triglycerides of ≥150 mg/dL or received pharmacologic treatment for hypertriglyceridemia; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women; systolic blood pressure of ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of ≥85 mm Hg, or a medical diagnosis of hypertension; fasting glucose of ≥100 mg/dL or previously diagnosed diabetes.
P < .05.
P < .01.
Age as a continuous variable, by each unit of age, the possibility of presenting metabolic syndrome increases an average of 8.0%.
For men quintile 1, 66.6–85.5; quintile 2, 86.0–91.9; quintile 3, 92.0–97.5; quintile 4, 97.5–105.0; quintile 5, 105.1–172.3. For women quintile 1, 50.5–85.5; quintile 2, 85.5–91.9; quintile 3, 92.0–97.5; quintile 4, 97.5–105.1; quintile 5, 105.1–167.4. Quintile 1 of waist circumference is the reference for men and women.
Categorized according to World Health Organization recommendations, inactive is defined as <150 min/wk or active defined as ≥150 min/wk of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Inactive is the reference.
Reference is 7 to 9 hours.
Socioeconomic status score was obtained with principal components analysis (household characteristics, goods, and services available were considered) and expressed as tertiles. Tertile 1 refers to the lowest score or low socioeconomic status; tertile 2 refers to the middle score or medium socioeconomic status; and tertile 3 is the category with the highest score or highest socioeconomic status. Low is the reference.
Level of education: primary school (reference category in the model), middle school includes high school and middle school; university level comprises college and bachelor studies. School information was self-reported in sociodemographic questionnaire.