Table 3. Logistic Regression Models Among Participant Sample (N = 24,310) in Relation to Cigarette Choice, by Sexual Orientation and Sociodemographic Characteristics, National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2015–2017a .
| Characteristic | Interaction Effects of Sexual Orientation and Gender |
Interaction Effects of Sexual Orientation and Race or Ethnicity |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Camel | Marlboro | Newport | Marlboro | Newport | |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Heterosexual | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] |
| Lesbian/gay | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) |
| Bisexual | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)b | 1.6 (1.3–2.0)c |
| Annual income, $ | |||||
| <20,000 | 1.5 (1.3–1.7)c | 2.1 (2.0–2.3)c | 4.0 (3.5–4.6)c | 2.1 (2.0–2.3)c | 4.0 (3.5–4.6)c |
| 20,000–49,999 | 1.7 (1.5–1.9)c | 1.7 (1.6–1.9)c | 2.4 (2.1–2.7)c | 1.7 (1.6–1.9)c | 2.4 (2.1–2.7)c |
| 50,000–74,999 | 1.5 (1.3–1.7)c | 1.4 (1.3–1.5)c | 1.6 (1.3–1.8)c | 1.4 (1.3–1.5)c | 1.5 (1.3–1.8)c |
| ≥75,000 | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] |
| Age, y | |||||
| 18–25 | 16.3 (10.0–26.5)c | 7.4 (6.2–8.9)c | 8.0 (5.6–11.6)c | 7.4 (6.2–8.9)c | 8.2 (5.7–11.9)c |
| 26–34 | 19.3 (11.6–32.2)c | 8.8 (7.4–10.5)c | 11.8 (8.3–16.8)c | 8.8 (7.4–10.5)c | 12.1 (8.5–17.2)c |
| 35–49 | 11.7 (7.1–19.3)c | 7.6 (6.3–9.2)c | 8.1 (5.6–11.7)c | 7.6 (6.3–9.2)c | 8.2 (5.7–11.9)c |
| 50–64 | 5.1 (2.9–8.8)c | 4.8 (3.9–5.8)c | 4.5 (3.1–6.6)c | 4.8 (3.9–5.8)c | 4.6 (3.1–6.7)c |
| ≥65 | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Asian | 0.4 (0.3–0.6)c | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)c | 0.3 (0.2–0.5)c | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)c | 0.3 (0.2–0.5)c |
| Black/African American | 0.2 (0.1–0.2)c | 0.1 (0.1–0.2)c | 7.2 (6.5–8.0)c | 0.1 (0.1–0.2)c | 7.1 (6.3–7.9)c |
| Hispanic/Latino | 0.7 (0.6–0.7)c | 0.6 (0.6–0.7)c | 1.4 (1.2–1.6)c | 0.6 (0.6–0.7)c | 1.3 (1.1–1.6)d |
| Native American/Alaska Native | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6)e | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7)f | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) |
| Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander | 1.3 (0.4–3.6) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5)c | 3.8 (2.2–6.4)c | 0.2 (0.1–0.4)c | 3.4 (1.9–5.9)c |
| White | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] |
| >1 race | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 2.7 (2.1–3.5)c | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 2.6 (2.0–3.5)c |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] |
| Female | 0.6 (0.5–0.7)c | 0.7 (0.6–0.7)c | 0.7 (0.6–0.7)c | 0.7 (0.65–0.7)c | 0.7 (0.6–0.8)c |
| Sexual orientation and gender g | |||||
| Gay male | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] |
| Lesbian/gay female | 1.5 (0.7–2.8) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.8 (1.1–3.2)f | — | — |
| Bisexual male | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] |
| Bisexual female | 1.8 (1.3–2.7)h | 1.6 (1.1–2.2)f | 3.4 (2.0–5.7)c | — | — |
| Sexual orientation and race or ethnicity i | |||||
| Lesbian/gay Asian | — | — | — | 0.7 (0.2–2.1) | — |
| Lesbian/gay Black/ African American | — | — | — | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) | 1.9 (0.8–4.4) |
| Lesbian/gay Hispanic/Latino | — | — | — | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 3.2 (1.5–6.5)h |
| Lesbian/gay Native American/Alaska Native | — | — | — | 1.7 (0.6–4.8) | 0.8 (0.1–5.7) |
| Lesbian/gay Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander | — | — | — | 7.5 (1.4–39.9)f | 7.7 (1.2–47.9)f |
| Lesbian/gay White | — | — | — | Reference | Reference |
| Lesbian/gay >1 race | — | — | — | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 2.6 (0.5–15.1) |
| Bisexual Asian | — | — | — | 0.3 (0.1–0.8)f | 1.4 (0.3–6.3) |
| Bisexual Black/African American | — | — | — | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) |
| Bisexual Hispanic/Latino | — | — | — | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 1.2 (0.7–1.8) |
| Bisexual Native American/Alaska Native | — | — | — | 1.0 (0.4–2.2) | 0.7 (0.2–2.2) |
| Bisexual Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander | — | — | — | 7.9 (2.0–31.4)b | __ |
| Bisexual White | — | — | — | Reference | — |
| Bisexual >1 race | — | — | — | 0.5 (0.3–0.9)f | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) |
Abbreviation: — , not included in model because there were no participants in this category.
Tests the interaction effects of sexual orientation and gender and sexual orientation and race or ethnicity (brands included represent brands for which significant interactions for gender, race, or ethnicity were found). Values are odds ratio (95% CI). Each model represents a separate and independent analysis, but models were combined for simultaneous viewing.
P = .004, calculated by t test.
P < .001, calculated by t test.
P = .001, calculated by t test.
P = .003, calculated by t test.
P < .05, calculated by t test.
Base categories of heterosexual and gender omitted from model. Analyses within lesbian/gay and bisexual groups are shown.
P = .002, calculated by t test.
Base categories of heterosexual and race or ethnicity omitted from model. Analyses within lesbian/gay and bisexual groups are shown.