Table 2.
Coronavirus disease-2019 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluation
| COVID-19 Vaccine developer/manufacturer | Vaccine platform | Type of candidate vaccine | Number of doses | Timing of doses | Route of Administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sinovac | Inactivated | Inactivated | 2 | 0, 14 days | IM |
| Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | Inactivated | Inactivated | 2 | 0,21 days | IM |
| Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | Inactivated | Inactivated | 2 | 0,21 days | IM |
| University of Oxford/AstraZeneca | Non- Replicating Viral Vector | ChAdOx1-S | 1 | IM | |
| CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology | Non- Replicating Viral Vector | Adenovirus Type 5 Vector | 1 | IM | |
| Gamaleya Research Institute | Non- Replicating Viral Vector | Adeno-based (rAd26-S + rAd5-S) | 2 | 0,21 days | IM |
| Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies | Non- Replicating Viral Vector | Ad26COVS1 | 2 | 0, 56 days | IM |
| Novavax | Protein Subunit | Full length recombinant SARS CoV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M | 2 | 0, 21 days | IM |
| Moderna/NIAID | RNA | LNP-encapsulated mRNA | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer | RNA | 3 LNP-mRNAs | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Protein Subunit | Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer) | 2 or 3 | 0,28 or 0,28, 56 days | IM |
| Curevac | RNA | mRNA | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Inactivated | Inactivated | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan | Inactivated | Inactivated | 2 | 0, 21 days | IM |
| Inovio Pharmaceuticals/International Vaccine Institute | DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation | 2 | 0, 28 days | ID |
| Osaka University/AnGes/Takara Bio | DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine + Adjuvant | 2 | 0, 14 days | IM |
| Cadila Healthcare Limited | DNA | DNA plasmid vaccine | 3 | 0, 28, 56 days | ID |
| Genexine Consortium | DNA | DNA Vaccine (GX-19) | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| Bharat Biotech | Inactivated | Whole-Virion Inactivated | 2 | 0, 14 days | IM |
| Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc | Protein Subunit | RBD-based | 2 | 0, 21 days | IM |
| Sanofi Pasteur/GSK | Protein Subunit | S protein (baculovirus production) | 2 | 0, 21 days | IM |
| Arcturus/Duke-NUS | RNA | mRNA | IM | ||
| SpyBiotech/Serum Institute of India | VLP | RBD-HBsAg VLPs | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| ReiThera/LEUKOCARE/Univercells | Non- Replicating Viral Vector | Replication defective Simian Adenovirus (GRAd) encoding S | 1 | IM | |
| Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, PLA of China | Non- Replicating Viral Vector | Ad5-nCoV | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM/mucosal |
| Vaxart | Non- Replicating Viral Vector | Ad5 adjuvanted Oral Vaccine platform | 2 | 0, 28 days | Oral |
| Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich | Non- Replicating Viral Vector | MVA-SARS-2-S | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax | Protein Subunit | Native like Trimeric subunit Spike Protein vaccine | 2 | 0, 21 days | IM |
| Vaxine Pty Ltd/Medytox | Protein Subunit | Recombinant spike protein with Advax™ adjuvant | 1 | IM | |
| University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus | Protein Subunit | Molecular clamp stabilized Spike protein with MF59 adjuvant | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation/NIAID/Dynavax | Protein Subunit | S-2P protein + CpG 1018 | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba | Protein Subunit | RBD + Adjuvant | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo | Protein Subunit | Peptide | 2 | 0, 21 days | IM |
| West China Hospital, Sichuan University | Protein Subunit | RBD (baculovirus production expressed in Sf9 cells) | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| University Hospital Tuebingen | Protein Subunit | SARS-CoV-2 HLA-DR peptides | 1 | SC | |
| COVAXX | Protein Subunit | S1-RBD-protein | 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| Institute Pasteur/Themis/Univ. of Pittsburg CVR/Merck Sharp & Dohme | Replicating Viral Vector | Measles-vector based | 1 or 2 | 0, 28 days | IM |
| Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy/Xiamen University | Replicating Viral Vector | Intranasal flu-based-RBD | 1 | IM | |
| IMperial College London | RNA | LNP-nCoVsaRNA | 2 | IM | |
| People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech. | RNA | mRNA | 2 | 0, 14 or 0, 28 days | IM |
| Medicago Inc. | VLP | Plant-derived VLP adjuvanted with GSK or Dynavax adjs. | 2 | 0, 21 days | IM |
|
| |||||
| COVID-19 Vaccine developer/manufacturer | Clinical Stage | ||||
|
| |||||
| Phase 1 | Phase 1/2 | Phase 2 | Phase 3 | ||
|
| |||||
| Sinovac |
NCT04383574 NCT04352608 NCT04551547 |
NCT04456595 669/UN6.KEP/EC/2020 | |||
| Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | ChiCTR2000031809 Interim Report |
ChiCTR2000034780 | |||
| Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | ChiCTR2000032459 | ChiCTR2000034780 NCT04560881 |
|||
| University of Oxford/AstraZeneca | PACTR202006922165132 2020-001072-15 NCT04568031 Interim Report |
2020-001228-32 | ISRCTN89951424 NCT04516746 NCT04540393 CTRI/2020/08/027170 | ||
| CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology | ChiCTR2000030906 Study Report | ChiCTR2000031781 Study Report |
NCT04526990 NCT04540419 |
||
| Gamaleya Research Institute | NCT04436471 NCT04437875 Study Report | NCT04530396 NCT04564716 | |||
| Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies | NCT04436276 | NCT04505722 | |||
| Novavax | NCT04368988 Study Report | NCT04533399 (phase 2b) | 2020-004123-16 | ||
| Moderna/NIAID |
NCT04283461 Interim Report Final Report |
NCT04405076 | NCT04470427 | ||
| BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer | 2020-001038-36 ChiCTR2000034825 NCT04537949 Study Report | NCT04368728 | |||
| Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | NCT04445194 | NCT04550351 | NCT04466085 | ||
| Curevac | NCT04449276 | NCT04515147 | |||
| Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | NCT04412538 | NCT04470609 | |||
| Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan | NCT04530357 | ||||
| Inovio Pharmaceuticals/International Vaccine Institute | NCT04447781 NCT04336410 | ||||
| Osaka University/AnGes/Takara Bio | NCT04463472 NCT04527081 | ||||
| Cadila Healthcare Limited | CTRI/2020/07/026352 | ||||
| Genexine Consortium | NCT04445389 | ||||
| Bharat Biotech | NCT04471519 CTRI/2020/09/027674 | ||||
| Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc | NCT04473690 | ||||
| Sanofi Pasteur/GSK | NCT04537208 | ||||
| Arcturus/Duke-NUS | NCT04480957 | ||||
| SpyBiotech/Serum Institute of India | ACTRN12620000817943 | ||||
| ReiThera/LEUKOCARE/Univercells | NCT04528641 | ||||
| Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, PLA of China | NCT04552366 | ||||
| Vaxart | NCT04563702 | ||||
| Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich | NCT04569383 | ||||
| Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax | NCT04405908 | ||||
| Vaxine Pty Ltd/Medytox | NCT04453852 | ||||
| University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus | ACTRN12620000674932p ISRCTN51232965 | ||||
| Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation/NIAID/Dynavax | NCT04487210 | ||||
| Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba | IFV/COR/04 | ||||
| FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo | NCT04527575 | ||||
| West China Hospital, Sichuan University | ChiCTR2000037518 | ||||
| University Hospital Tuebingen | NCT04546841 | ||||
| COVAXX | NCT04545749 | ||||
| Institute Pasteur/Themis/Univ. of Pittsburg CVR/Merck Sharp & Dohme | NCT04497298 | ||||
| Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy/Xiamen University | ChiCTR2000037782 | ||||
| IMperial College London | ISRCTN17072692 | ||||
| People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech. | ChiCTR2000034112 | ||||
| Medicago Inc. | NCT04450004 | ||||
COVID-19: Coronavirus disease-2019, PLA: People’s liberation army, SARS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome, CoV-2: Coronavirus-2, HLA: Human leukocyte antigen, DR: D related, RBD: Receptor-binding domain