Table 1.
Characteristics of the infants (n = 23) that were intubated or underwent intubation attempts and the intubation attempts (n = 68).
| Characteristics of infants | |
|---|---|
| Gestational age (weeks) | 33 (28–40) |
| Weight (grams) | 2,360 (1,070–3,590) |
| Female (number (%)) | 13 (57) |
| Apgar 1 min | 2 (0–3) |
| Apgar 5 min | 4 (2–5) |
| Apgar 10 min | 7 (5–8) |
| Chest compression [number (%)] | 12 (52) |
| Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia [number (%)] | 3 (13) |
| Died in the delivery room [number (%)] | 2 (9) |
| Characteristics of intubation attempts | |
| Airway provider | |
| Pediatric resident | 2 |
| Pediatric specialist | 6 |
| Neonatologist | 10 |
| Anesthesiology resident | 4 |
| Anesthesiology specialist | 1 |
| Attempts | 3 (2–6) |
| Duration (seconds) | 44 (14–100) |
| Premedication [number (%)] | 0 (0) |
| Suction [number (%)] | 21 (91) |
| Positioning [number (%)] | 23 (100) |
| Change endotracheal tube size [number (%)] | 1 (4) |
| Capnography [number (%)] | 7 (30) |
| Videolaryngoscopy [number (%)] | 0 (0) |
| LMA [number (%)] | 0 (0) |
| Oropharyngeal tube [number (%)] | 3 (13) |
| Nasal intubation [number (%)] | 11 (48) |
| Oral intubation [number (%)] | 12 (52) |
| Intubation not successful [number (%)]* | 4 (17) |
| Surgical airway [number (%)] | 0 (0) |
| Assessment of intubation attempts by the Neonatal Resuscitation Performance Evaluation (NRPE) score (20) | |
| Appropriate decision based on clinical condition of infant e.g., prolonged ineffective PPV/bag mask, to facilitate CPR [number (%)] | 20 (87) |
| Successful intubation in <3 attempts [number (%)] | 8 (35) |
| Successful intubation in ≥3 attempts [number (%)] | 11 (48) |
| Intubation not successful in ≥3 attempts and not achieved at all [number (%)] | 4 (17) |
| One HCW tried intubation attempts [number (%)] | 13 (57) |
| Two or more HCWs tried intubation attempts [number (%)] | 7 (30) |
| Three or more HCWs tried intubation attempts [number (%)] | 3 (13) |
| PPV recovery between attempts occurred [number (%)] | 23 (100) |
| Position checked [number (%)] | 21 (91) |
*
Spontaneous recovery without intubation Data are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range).
LMA, Laryngeal Mask Airway; CPR, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; PPV, Positive pressure ventilation; HCW, Health care worker.
Airway provider—Health care worker who performed the intubation and managed the airway, and number of infants intubated.