Table 1.
Overview of the included apps (N=46).
| Characteristics | Apps, n (%) | |
| Origin | ||
|
|
China (mainland) | 2 (4) |
|
|
Hong Kong | 3 (7) |
|
|
Indonesia | 3 (7) |
|
|
Japan | 4 (9) |
|
|
Malaysia | 6 (13) |
|
|
Philippines | 1 (2.2) |
|
|
Singapore | 6 (13) |
|
|
South Korea | 3 (7) |
|
|
Taiwan | 3 (7) |
|
|
Thailand | 6 (13) |
|
|
Vietnam | 9 (20) |
| Platform | ||
|
|
iOS (App Store) | 45 (98) |
|
|
Android (Google Play Store) | 46 (100) |
| Uptake requirement | ||
|
|
Mandatory | 24 (52) |
|
|
Voluntary | 22 (48) |
| Target users | ||
|
|
General public | 32 (70) |
|
|
Travelers: domestic and international | 2 (4) |
|
|
Travelers: international | 1 (2) |
|
|
Travelers: requiring quarantine | 2 (4) |
|
|
Travelers: outbound | 1 (2) |
|
|
Foreign workers | 1 (2) |
|
|
Quarantined individuals | 4 (9) |
|
|
Business owners | 1 (2) |
|
|
Vaccinated individuals | 2 (4) |
| Required technology | ||
|
|
GPS | 28 (61) |
|
|
Bluetooth | 16 (35) |
|
|
QR scanner | 16 (35) |
|
|
Othersa | 3 (7) |
aOther technologies include artificial intelligence (n=1), the application programming interface (API) (n=1), and facial recognition (n=1).