TABLE 1—
Demographic Characteristics of Rhode Island Residents Who Died of an Accidental Opioid-Related Overdose, Stratified by Prior Treatment History: Rhode Island, January 1, 2018–June 30, 2020
| Overall, No. (%) |
Any Prior Methadone or Buprenorphine Treatmenta | P b | ||
| Yes, No. (%) |
No, No. (%) |
|||
| Age, y | .002 | |||
| 18–24 | 33 (5.3) | < 5 (. . .) | 31 (8.1) | |
| 25–34 | 159 (25.4) | 61 (24.9) | 98 (25.7) | |
| 35–44 | 174 (27.8) | 80 (32.7) | 94 (24.7) | |
| 45–54 | 124 (19.8) | 51 (20.8) | 73 (19.2) | |
| 55–64 | 114 (18.2) | 44 (18.0) | 70 (18.4) | |
| ≥ 65 | 22 (3.5) | 7 (2.9) | 15 (3.9) | |
| Gender | .029 | |||
| Female | 145 (23.2) | 68 (27.8) | 77 (20.2) | |
| Male | 481 (76.8) | 177 (72.2) | 304 (79.8) | |
| Race/ethnicity | < .001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 490 (78.3) | 220 (89.8) | 270 (70.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 50 (8.0) | 8 (3.3) | 42 (11.0) | |
| Hispanic (any race) | 78 (12.5) | 17 (6.9) | 61 (16.0) | |
| Other | 8 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.1) | |
| Matched to PDMP for any controlled substance prescriptionc | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 462 (73.8) | 223 (91.0) | 239 (62.7) | |
| No | 164 (26.2) | 22 (9.0) | 142 (37.3) | |
Note. PDMP = Rhode Island Prescription Drug Monitoring Program. The sample size was n = 626.
a
Includes buprenorphine products Food and Drug Administration–approved for opioid agonist therapy dispensed between April 1, 2016 and June 30, 2020, and methadone treatment received between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2020.
b
χ2 test.
c
Matching indicates an individual was dispensed any schedule II-V medications or opioid antagonists between April 1, 2016 and June 30, 2020.