Table 1. Clinical, laboratory, and white matter hyperintensity profiles of the study population.
| Total (N = 97) | AHI < 15 (N = 48) | AHI ≥ 15 (N = 49) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70.0±10.5 | 69.2±10.4 | 70.9±10.6 | 0.250 |
| Male sex (%) | 59 (60.8) | 19 (39.6) | 40 (81.6) | <0.001** |
| Hypertension (%) | 60 (61.9) | 24 (50.0) | 36 (73.5) | 0.017* |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 29 (29.9) | 11 (22.9) | 18 (36.7) | 0.140 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 29 (29.9) | 9 (18.8) | 20 (40.8) | 0.017* |
| Heart failure (%) | 3 (3.1) | 2 (4.2) | 1 (2.0) | 0.550 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 7 (7.2) | 3 (6.3) | 4 (8.2) | 0.719 |
| Polysomnography findings | ||||
| Time in bed (min) | 420.3±44.9 | 422.9±33.7 | 417.9±54 | 0.585 |
| Total sleep time (min) | 322.6±64.1 | 326.3±64.1 | 318.9±64.6 | 0.569 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 77.2±14.0 | 77.8±13.7 | 76.6±14.5 | 0.689 |
| Stage N1 (%) | 21.4±13.5 | 15.1±10.5 | 27.6±13.4 | <0.001** |
| Stage N2 (%) | 53.0±60.4 | 59.8±74.4 | 46.6±42.9 | 0.288 |
| Stage N3 (%) | 15.3±9.6 | 17.4±10.8 | 13.3±7.8 | 0.034 |
| Stage REM sleep (%) | 18.8±8.5 | 18.9±7.0 | 18.6±9.8 | 0.875 |
| Sleep-onset latency (min) | 12.2±12.9 | 13.8±14.6 | 10.5±10.9 | 0.216 |
| REM sleep latency (min) | 109.5±72.4 | 102.8±51.3 | 116.2±88.4 | 0.362 |
| Apnea-hypopnea index (/h) | 19.1±18.2 | 4.8±4.2 | 33.1±15.6 | <0.001** |
| Respiratory distress index (/h) | 20.0±18.2 | 6.0±5.3 | 33.7±15.7 | <0.001** |
| Oxygen-desaturation index (/h) | 20.2±18.3 | 5.1±4.2 | 34.5±15.7 | <0.001** |
| Arousal index (/h) | 25.0±15.0 | 17.0±9.0 | 32.9±15.6 | <0.001** |
| Transcranial Doppler and MRI findings | ||||
| MCA MFV (cm/sec) | 52.3±16.6 | 50.8±11.0 | 53.8±20.7 | 0.372 |
| MCA PI | 0.80±0.14 | 0.78±0.13 | 0.82±0.15 | 0.163 |
| MRIR | 0.99±0.05 | 0.99±0.05 | 0.99±0.05 | 0.336 |
| WMH total volume (%) | 0.50±0.41 | 0.44±0.34 | 0.56±0.47 | 0.137 |
| WMH subcortical volume (%) | 0.26±0.22 | 0.22±0.17 | 0.31±0.25 | 0.045* |
| WMH periventricular volume (%) | 0.23±0.20 | 0.22±0.17 | 0.25±0.22 | 0.363 |
| Total ePVS score | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–4) | 4 (2.5–5) | 0.107 |
| CS ePVS score | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.113 |
| BG ePVS score | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.225 |
| Presence of CMB | 9 (9.3) | 5 (10.4) | 4 (8.2) | 0.706 |
| Presence of Lacunes | 11 (11.3) | 5 (10.4) | 6 (12.2) | 0.779 |
Data are reported as number (percentage), as mean± standard deviation, or as median (interquartile range, IQR). AHI: apnea-hypopnea index, REM: rapid eye movement, MCA: middle cerebral artery, MFV: mean flow velocity, PI: pulsatility index, MRIR: mean middle cerebral artery resistance index ratio, WMH: white matter hyperintensity, ePVS: enlarged perivascular space, CS: centrum semiovale, BG: basal ganglia, and CMB: cerebral microbleeds.
*P<0.05 and
**P<0.01.