Fig. 5. Phase-field simulations of the (011) PMN-PT membrane.

Spontaneous polarization and [011] stereographic projection of the PMN-PT membrane at (A and B) 0 kV/cm, (C and D) 10 kV/cm, (E and F) 20 kV/cm, and (G and H) 100 kV/cm. The legend for the coloring of spontaneous polarization is included in (A). (I) Average polarization in the x, y, and z directions versus applied field. (J) Field dependence of the average anisotropic in-plane strain${\overline{\mathrm{\epsilon }}}_{\mathit{xx}}-{\overline{\mathrm{\epsilon }}}_{\mathit{yy}}$. In (I) and (J), guidelines have been added to separate the low-field and high-field regions.