Figure 2.

HEU newborns have similar percentages of Th cells expressing activation markers as HUU newborns. Th cells from blood mononuclear cells (MCs) of HEU and HUU newborns were immunostained for activation markers. The basal percentages of (A) CD69⁺ and (B) CD279⁺ Th cells are shown. Cells were incubated with or without anti‐CD3/CD28/CD2 for 24 h. The percentages of (C) CD69⁺ and (D) CD279⁺ Th cells are presented from unstimulated (left) and stimulated (right) conditions. Error bars indicate the median and interquartile range. p Values were calculated using an unpaired Mann–Whitney test to compare groups (HEU vs. HUU newborns). HEU, HIV‐exposed uninfected newborn; HUU, HIV‐unexposed uninfected newborn; ns, not significant. p Values were calculated using paired Wilcoxon tests to compare conditions (unstimulated vs. stimulated). The symbol "^§" was used to show differences between stimulation conditions. ^§ p < 0.05, ^§§ p < 0.01, and ^§§§§ p < 0.0001