Table 1. Advantages of clinically approved nanoparticles in the field of oncology.

Name	Nanoparticle subtype	Clinical advantage	Cancer indication	Clinical approval
Doxil®	Pegylated liposomal (Doxorubicin)	Reduced systemic exposure	Ovarian cancer and multiple myeloma	FDA (1995) EMA (1996)
DanuoXome®	Non-pegylated Liposome (Daunorubicin)	EPR effect	HIV-associated Kaposi's Sarcoma various leukaemia's	FDA (1996)
DepoCyt®	Liposomal Cytarabine	EPR effect	Lymphoma Leukaemia	FDA (1999)
Myocet®	Non-pegylated Liposome (Doxorubicin)	Sustained release	Metastatic breast cancer	EMA (2000)
Abraxane®	Albumin bound nanoparticle (paclitaxel)	Sustained release	Metastatic breast cancer Metastatic pancreatic cancer Non-small cell lung cancer	FDA (2005) EMA (2008)
MEPACT®	Non-pegylated liposome (mifamurtide)	Sustained release	Osteosarcoma	EMA (2009)
NanoTherm®	Iron Oxide	Hyperthermic treatment	Brain tumours	EMA (2011)
Marqibo®	Non-pegylated liposome (vincristine sulfate)	Sustained release	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	FDA (2012)
Onivyde®	Pegylated Liposome (Irinotecan)	Immune evasion	Advanced pancreatic cancer	FDA (2015)
Vyxeos®	Liposome (cytarabine and daunorubicin)	Combination therapy Sustained release	Acute myeloid leukaemia	FDA (2017) EMA (2018)
Apealea®	Paclitaxel Micelle	EPR effect Sustained release	Ovarian, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer	EMA (2018)
NBTXR3®	Hafnium oxide NPs	Radiotherapy	Locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma	EMA (2019)

(This table summarised information which is available at accessdata.fda.gov (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov) and ema.europa.eu.en/medicines (https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines) 22th September 2021).