Table I.
Effects of ncRNAs on CRC in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
| NcRNAs | Oncogene or suppressor | Biological effects on CRC in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| miR-124 | Suppressor | Inhibits CRC cell proliferation, invasion and tumor growth, and induces apoptosis via the interaction with PLCB1 and the regulation of the Wnt4 signaling | (7) |
| miR-410 | Oncogene | Downregulates DKK1, promotes CRC cell proliferation and invasion, inhibits apoptosis, and increases the levels of β-catenin and phosphorylated GSK-3β | (5) |
| miR-490-3p | Suppressor | Inhibits the expression of FRAT1 and β-catenin, and suppresses CRC progression and EMT | (76) |
| miR-93 | Suppressor | Inhibits the viability, colony formation and migration of CRC cells, and downregulates β-catenin and Smad7 | (36) |
| miR-155 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC cell proliferation and growth of CRC xenografts via HBP1-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling | (70) |
| miR-199a/b | Oncogene | Mediatescisplatin-resistance of CRC stem cells via downregulation of GSK-3β and upregulation of β-catenin and ABCG2 | (69) |
| miR-532-3p | Suppressor | Induces CRC cell apoptosis and downregulates β-catenin via directly targeting ETS1 and TGM2 | (77) |
| miR-19a-3p | Oncogene | Induces CRC cell EMT, promotes proliferation and migration of CRC cells, upregulates β-catenin and phospho-GSK-3β, and downregulates phospho-β-catenin and GSK-3β (the synergistic interaction of miR-19a-3p with the downregulation of FOXF2) | (78) |
| miR-188 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion via targeting FOXL1 | (79) |
| miR-377-3p | Suppressor | Suppresses CRC cell proliferation, migration and chemoresistance via targeting ZEB2 and XIAP (two positive regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling) | (80) |
| miR-144-3p | Suppressor | Suppresses CRC cell proliferation and progression, and downregulates β-catenin via targeting BCL6 leading to downregulation of LRP6, FZD4, FZD8, LEF1 or TCF7L2 | (81) |
| LncRNA-01354 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC cell proliferation, migration, EMT, growth and metastasis | (72) |
| LncRNA-NEAT1 | Oncogene | Promotes the expression of β-catenin | (82) |
| LncRNA-SNHG1 | Oncogene | Promotes the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus, the gene expression of TCF/LEF transcription factor and CRC cell proliferation, and inhibits apoptosis | (73) |
| LncRNA-p21 | Suppressor | Promotes the sensitivity of CRC radiotherapy, induces apoptosis, and reduces the level of β-catenin | (83) |
| LncRNA-CCAL | Oncogene | Promotes the multidrug resistance of CRC cells via inhibiting AP-2α expression and upregulating MDR1/P-gp, increases histone H3 acetylation, and decreases histone H3 methylation | (84) |
| LncRNA-CASC11 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC cell proliferation, metastasis and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin via targeting hnRNP-K | (62) |
| LncRNA-H19 | Oncogene | Mediates methotrexate resistance via increasing the RNA levels of Wnt downstream targets | (85) |
| LncRNA-HNF1A-AS1 | Oncogene | Promotes the expression of β-catenin | (25) |
| LncRNA-PART1 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC cell proliferation and migration, and inhibits apoptosis functioning as a ceRNA of miR-150-5p and miR-520h | (86) |
| LncRNA-ARAP1-AS1 | Oncogene | Promotesthe EMT process in CRC cells via the ARAP1-AS1/YY1 axis | (63) |
| LncRNA-ROR1-AS1 | Oncogene | Isinvolved in CRC tumorigenesis, promotes CRC cell proliferation, and upregulates the expression of β-catenin, Wnt3a, Survivin and Wnt3a | (64) |
| LncRNA-00675 | Suppressor | Inhibits CRC cell proliferation, invasion and migration via suppressing the expression of miR-942, as well as upregulates GSK-3β | (8) |
| LncRNA-GAS5 | Suppressor | Suppresses CRC cell invasion, migration, tumor growth and the expression of β-catenin, as well as inhibits angiogenesis by decreasing microvascular density | (87) |
| LncRNA-LINC00365 | Oncogene | Downregulates GSK-3β, upregulates β-catenin, inhibits CRC cell apoptosis, and promotes CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion | (88) |
| LncRNA-NEAT1 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC progression via acting as a ceRNA to sponge miR-486-5p, activating the NR4A1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway | (89) |
| LncRNA-AC010789.1 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC progression and induces EMT via upregulating miR-432-3p-dependent ZEB1, functioning as a ceRNA of miR-432-3p | (65,90) |
| LncRNA-HCG18 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC growth and invasion via sponging miR-1271 and subsequently activating MTDH/Wnt/β-catenin signaling | (66) |
| LncRNA-UCID | Oncogene | Promotes CRC migration and invasion via sponging miR-152-3p | (67) |
| CircRNA-MBOAT2 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC cell proliferation and migration via sponging miR-519d-3p | (91) |
| CircRNA-0082182 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC cell proliferation and metastasis, induces EMT, and inhibits apoptosis via sponging miR-1205 and miR-411 | (74) |
| CircRNA-PDSS1 | Oncogene | Promotes migratory ability and angiogenesis leading to the lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis of CRC cells via upregulation of β-catenin | (75) |
| CircRNA-PRKDC | Oncogene | Promotes 5-FU resistance and invasion of CRC cells via targeting miR-375 | (92) |
| CircRNA-0005075 | Oncogene | Increases the expression levels of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in CRC cells | (68) |
| CircRNA-100290 | Oncogene | Promotes CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibits apoptosis via sponging miR-516b | (93) |
| CircRNA-MTO1 | Suppressor | Inhibits growth and invasion of CRC cells, and downregulates β-catenin | (94) |
PLCB1, phospholipase Cbeta1; DKK1, Dickkopf-related protein 1; FRAT1, frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas 1; Smad7, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7; HBP1, HMG-box transcription factor 1; ABCG2, ATP-binding cassette transporter G2; ETS1, E26 oncogene homolog 1; TGM2, transglutaminase 2; FOXF2, Forkhead box F2; FOXL1, Forkhead box L1; ZEB2, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; BCL6, B-cell lymphoma 6; NEAT1, enriched abundant transcript 1; SNHG1, nucleolar RNA host gene 1; CCAL, CRC-associatedlncRNA; AP-2α, transcription factor activating protein 2α; MDR1/P-gp, multidrug resistance gene1/P-glycoprotein; hnRNP-K, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K; ceRNA, competing endogenous RNA; NR4A1, nuclear receptor 4 A1; MTDH, metadherin; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition.