Figure 1.

Experimental protocols. (a) Finding a suitable berberine (BBR) concentration. The microglial cells were divided into five groups; after the treatments, tests were performed to find a suitable BBR dose. (b) Investigating BBR-induced effects on proinflammatory factor releases. Cells were divided into four groups; after the treatments, IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations were measured. (c) Exploring the role of SOCS1 in the BBR-induced effects on microglial activation. Cells were divided into five groups; after the treatments, microglial M1/M2 activation markers were evaluated to assess microglial activation degree.