Table 2.

Summary of the published cases presenting the use of lasers in the management of oral submucous fibrosis (1952 to 2019).

S. No.	Authors	Type of laser used.	Number of patients.	Under GA/LA	Treatment done.	Post-operative adjunctive aids.	Follow - up period.	Post-operative Results after follow - up.	Complications	Reference No.
1	Shah et al (2005)	Diode	10	GA	Fibrotomy	• Oral Physiotherapy.	3 months	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening.	No	51
2	Kameshwaran et al (2006)	KTP-532	15	GA	Fibrotomy	•Intralesional injections of 0.1% Triamcinolone acetonide fortnightly for 12 weeks, oral physiotherapy with active jaw stretching exercises, cessation of chewing habit, anti-oxidants.	12–18 months	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening. •Complete healing. •Complete epithelization.	No	33
3	Talsania et al (2009)	Diode	8	GA	Fibrotomy	• Oral hygiene and aggressive physiotherapy with ice cream stick.	3 months to 3 years	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening. •Improved nutritional status. •Psychological well -being.	No	55
4	Nayak et al (2009)	KTP-532	9	GA	Fibrotomy	• Oral Physiotherapy.	1 year	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening.	No	43
5	Chaaya et al (2010)	CO2	16	LA	Fibrotomy	•Oral Physiotherapy, antioxidants, topical steroids habit cessation.	1 year	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening.	No	14
6	Cheng et al (2011)	KTP-532	4	LA	Fibrotomy	•Oral physiotherapy with jaw-stretching exercises.	NA	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening.	No	13
7	Chaudhary et al (2011)	Er Cr: YSGG	1	LA	Fibrotomy	•Oral physiotherapy with jaw-stretching exercises.	6 months	•Improved mouth opening.	No	11
8	Garde et al (2013)	Diode	9	GA	Fibrotomy	•Rigorous oral physiotherapy in the form of jaw-stretching exercises, Nutritious diet.	1 year	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening. •Complete healing.	No	27
9	Chaudhary et al (2014)	Er Cr: YSGG	16	LA	Fibrotomy	•Oral physiotherapy, antioxidants, topical steroids.	1 year	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening. •Pain relief. •Reduced burning sensation.	No	12
10	Lokesh et al (2014)	Diode	50	LA	Fibrotomy	•Oral physiotherapy exercises, antioxidants, multivitamins.	6 months	•Improved mouth opening in 49 cases. •1 case lost follow up.	No	37
11	Asnani et al. (2014)	Diode	1	LA	Fibrotomy	•Oral physiotherapy exercises, antioxidants	6 months	•Improved mouth opening. •Pain relief. •Reduced burning sensation. •Complete healing.	No	7
12	Tripathy et al (2014)	Diode	5	GA	Fibrotomy	• Oral physiotherapy.	3 months	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening.	No	56
13	Agarwal et al. (2015)	Diode	30	GA	Fibrotomy	• Oral physiotherapy.	6 months	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening.	No	2
14	Devgan et al (2015)	CO2	20	LA	Fibrotomy	• Oral physiotherapy.	6 months	•18 patients had improved mouth opening. •The laser was ineffective in 2 cases. •All showed complete healing & pain relief. •No improvement in cheek flexibility in any patient.	No	17
15	Mudigonda et al (2016)	Diode	12	LA	Fibrotomy	• Oral physiotherapy with mouth opening exercises.	6 months	•Improved mouth opening in all. •The burning sensation was completely relieved in 10 patients and moderately relieved in 2 patients.	No	41
16	Singh et al. (2017)	Diode	20	LA	Laser biostimulation	NA	15 days	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening. •Reduced burning sensation.	No	54
17	Kunusoth et al. (2018)	Diode	1	LA	Fibrotomy	• Oral Physiotherapy.	6 months	•Improved mouth opening. •Reduced burning sensation.	No	36
18	Farista et al (2018)	Diode	2	LA	Fibrotomy followed by LLLT.	• Oral Physiotherapy.	1 year	In both cases: •Improved mouth opening.	No	21
19	Gupta et al (2018)	Diode	30	LA	Fibrotomy	• Oral Physiotherapy,topical corticosteroids.	9 months	In all cases: •Improved mouth opening. •Improved burning sensation. •Improved tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility.	No	30
20	Chandra et al (2019)	Diode	1	LA	Photobiostimulation	• Oral Physiotherapy.	1 month	•Improved mouth opening. •Improved burning sensation.	No	10
Total studies: 20; Total no. of cases: 250; NA: Not available; LLLT: Low level laser therapy.