Fig. 5. Lithium treatment differentially modulates behavior in Cry1/2^−/− mice.

a Wild-type and Cry1/2^−/− mice were administered (i.p.) vehicle or LiCl (vehicle^+/+: n = 6, LiCl^+/+: n = 7, vehicle^{Cry1/2−/−}: n = 8, LiCl^{Cry1/2−/−}: n = 8) and tested by OFT, EPM, and FST. OFT effects of lithium on (b), (d) time spent active and the normalized number of center rears, with (c), (e) representative traces to visualize the treatment and genotype differences in response to lithium. FST effects on (f), (g) time spent immobile. h EPM number of entries into the open arm. i Heat maps from representative mice highlighting behavioral differences in the EPM. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with a Sidak’s post hoc test and presented as mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05.