Table 2.
Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal complications of women with schizophrenia and women without severe mental disorder in the matched cohorts.
| Women with schizophrenia (n=2 659)N(weighted %) | Control group (n=10 243) N(weighted %) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy complications | 1204(45.3) | 3729(37.2) | 1.40(1.31-1.50) | <0.001 | 1.41(1.31-1.51) | <0.001 |
| Gestational diabetes | 428(16.1) | 1207(12.1) | 1.39(1.26-1.53) | <0.001 | 1.38(1.25-1.53) | <0.001 |
| Gestational hypertension | 89(3.4) | 232(2.4) | 1.44(1.17-1.78) | 0.002 | 1.42(1.14-1.76) | 0.002 |
| Preeclampsia | 78(2.9) | 247(2.6) | 1.14(0.92-1.41) | 0.32 | - | - |
| Eclampsia | 3(0.1) | 10(0.1) | 1.09(0.38-3.12) | 0.9 | - | - |
| HELLP syndrome | 8(0.3) | 23(0.2) | 1.30(0.66-2.55) | 0.5 | - | - |
| Antepartum haemorrhage | 54(2.0) | 188(1.8) | 1.14(0.88-1.47) | 0.39 | - | - |
| Placental abruption | 18(0.7) | 50(0.5) | 1.39(0.88-2.20) | 0.27 | - | - |
| Placental abnormalities | 30(1.1) | 97(0.9) | 1.20(0.85-1.69) | 0.38 | - | - |
| Thrombosis | 7(0.3) | 17(0.2) | 1.65(0.76-3.58) | 0.31 | - | - |
| Genito-urinary infection | 211(7.9) | 617(6.0) | 1.35(1.18-1.55) | <0.001 | 1.36(1.19-1.56) | <0.001 |
| Chorioamnionitis | 21(0.8) | 55(0.6) | 1.43(0.93-2.19) | 0.19 | - | - |
| Intra-uterine growth retardation | 169(6.4) | 455(4.8) | 1.35(1.16-1.58) | <0.001 | 1.37(1.17-1.59) | <0.001 |
| Premature rupture of membranes | 344(12.9) | 1252(12.4) | 1.05(0.94-1.16) | 0.45 | - | - |
| Threatened preterm labour | 231(8.7) | 592(5.9) | 1.51(1.32-1.72) | <0.001 | 1.52(1.33-1.74) | <0.001 |
| Delivery complications | 731(27.5) | 2423(24.2) | 1.19(1.10-1.28) | <0.001 | 1.18(1.09-1.29) | <0.001 |
| Birth | ||||||
| Live birth | 2600(97.8) | 10137(99.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Stillbirth or medical abortion | 59(2.2) | 106(1.0) | 2.19(1.63-2.94) | <0.001 | 2.17(1.62-2.90) | <0.001 |
| Caesarean section | 672(25.9) | 2271(23.3) | 1.15(1.06-1.25) | 0.002 | 1.15(1.05-1.25) | 0.002 |
| Postpartum haemorrhage | 127(4.8) | 527(5.2) | 0.92(0.78-1.07) | 0.37 | - | - |
| Mortality at 42 days | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | - | - | - | - |
| Neonatal complications | 760(32.8) | 2158(26.2) | 1.38(1.27-1.49) | <0.001 | 1.38(1.27-1.50) | <0.001 |
| Preterm birth | 226(9.8) | 496(6.2) | 1.64(1.42-1.89) | <0.001 | 1.64(1.42-1.90) | <0.001 |
| Small for gestational age | 327(14.1) | 880(11.0) | 1.33(1.19-1.49) | <0.001 | 1.34(1.19-1.50) | <0.001 |
| Large for gestational age | 220(9.5) | 743(8.8) | 1.10(0.96-1.25) | 0.28 | - | - |
| Low birth weight | 264(11.4) | 523(6.9) | 1.73(1.51-0.98) | <0.001 | 1.75(1.53-2.00) | <0.001 |
| Congenital malformations | 63(2.7) | 186(2.2) | 1.23(0.96-1.57) | 0.18 | - | - |
| Neonatal mortality | 7(0.3) | 23(0.3) | 1.12(0.55-2.28) | 0.81 | - | - |
N: effective; %: percentage; SD: standard deviation; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; ICU: intensive care unit; p-values< 0.05 are indicated in bold. The percentages are weighted to consider 1:4 max algorithm matching.
⁎
Multivariate models were adjusted on the following criteria: age, social deprivation, parity, smoking and substance addictions, obesity and comorbidities (Charlson score: 0, 1-2, ≥3).