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. 2021 Jun 8;31(12):9446–9458. doi: 10.1007/s00330-021-08073-8

Table 2.

Staging of scapholunate dissociations as proposed by Garcia-Elias et al [5]

Scapholunate dissociation stage Anatomopathological abnormality
1 Is there a partial rupture with a normal dorsal scapholunate ligament?
2 If ruptured, can the dorsal scapholunate ligament be repaired?
3 Is the scaphoid normally aligned (radioscaphoid angle ≤ 45°)?
4 Is the carpal malalignment easily reducible?
5 Are the cartilages at both radiocarpal and midcarpal joints normal?
6 Complete scapholunate ligament injury with irreducible malalignment and cartilage degeneration?