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. 2021 May 26;31(12):9418–9427. doi: 10.1007/s00330-021-07947-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

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Fig. 3 — 63-year-old man with a malignant vertebral compression fracture (VCF) at T12 level (arrow). Sagittal lumbar spine MR images generated from a signal FSE T2-weighted Dixon sequence include (a) in-phase, (b) out-of-phase, (c) fat-only, (d) water-only images, and (e) fat fraction (FF) map. The VCF was correctly characterized at qualitative assessment by all readers and at quantitative assessment by all measurement methods using the cutoffs determined in this study (signal drop, FF calculated from water-only and fat-only images, and FF from maps were ROI1: 0.8%/ROI2: 0.7%; ROI1: 0.8%/ROI2: 0.7%; and ROI1: 2.4%/ROI2: 1.0%, respectively)