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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Sleep Med. 2021 May 13;20(2):269–289. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1916497

Table 3.

Adolescent open-ended responses to the perceived reason for sleep difficulties

Sleep Difficulty
Type
Frequency of difficulty Example participant responsesa
Insomnia/Restlessness Sleep Difficulties (IRSD) 28.7%
(137/477)
“INSOMNIA”
“RESTLESS”
“I WAS RESTLESS”
Environmental Sleep Difficulties (ESD) 26.6%
(127/477)
“MY BROTHERS SNORE A LOT AND MAKE NOISE”
“MY CATS WAKE ME UP”
“BECAUSE OF THE HEAT”
Mental/Emotional Sleep Difficulties (MESD) 18.5%
(88/477)
“STRESS”
“NERVES DUE TO THE EARTHQUAKE THAT HAPPENED TODAY”
“I COULD NOT STOP THINKING”
Injury/Illness Sleep Difficulties (IISD) 10.3%
(49/477)
“STOMACH ACHE”
“HEADACHE”
“SICK WITH THE FLU”
Technology Sleep Difficulties (TSD) 2.5%
(12/477
“I WAS ON THE PHONE”
“BECAUSE I WANTED TO KEEP WATCHING VIDEOS ON MY CELL PHONE”
“FOR BEING ON THE CELL PHONE LISTENING TO MUSIC”
a

Indicates responses to the open-ended question: “If you slept poorly, what was the problem (e.g., were you restless, was there noise, stress)?”