| A full-thickness macular hole (MH) is a full-thickness break within the fovea that can cause decreased vision. |
| Primary surgery for MH has a high success rate with current methods of pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. |
| When primary surgery fails, several secondary surgical options exist for recurrent or persistent MHs. |
| In this review, we discuss each surgical technique in detail. |
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