Table 5.

Literature reported incidence and prevalence of keratoconus stratified into worldwide, average risk, and high-risk subcategories

Study	Time period	Country	Incidence per 100,000	Prevalence per 100,000
Rabinowitz [184]	1998	Worldwide	–	50
Ferdi et al. [185]	2019	Worldwide	–	86
Kennedy et al. [188]	1935–1982	US	2	54.5
Ihalainen [189]	1964–1984	Finland	1.5	30
Pearson et al. [180]	1989–1999	UK	4.5	–
Georgiou et al. [181]	1994–2000	England	3.3	–
Cozma et al. [182]	1997–2001	UK	3.5	–
Gorskova, Serosti’anov [190]	1998	Russia	–	0.3
Bak-Nielsen et al. [183]	2003	Denmark	1.2	44
Grünauer-Kloevekorn, Duncker [191]	2006	Germany	–	50
Bak-Nielsen et al. [183]	2011	Denmark	3.8	–
Godefrooij et al. [192]	2011–2014	Netherlands	13	–
Pearson et al. [180]	1989–1999	UK	20*	–
Georgiou et al. [181]	1994–2000	England	25*	270
Cozma et al. [182]	1997–2001	UK	32*	–
Assiri et al. [193]	2001–2002	Saudi Arabia	20	–
Ota et al. [172]	2002	Japan	12 M|5 F	50
Jonas et al. [194]	2009	India	–	2300
Hwang et al. [195]	2009–2014	South Korea	5.6	37
Millodot et al. [196]	2011	Israel	–	2340
Ziaei et al. [197]	2012	Iran	22.3	–
Althomali et al. [198]	2018	Saudi Arabia	–	8590
Akowuah et al. [199]	2021	Africa		790

*Asian subset