Table 2.

Summary of CFA model results and revisions

Model	Factor loadings and covariances	Fit statisticsa	Modification indices > 10.00
Base case	Coping: 0.66–0.94 Impact: 0.73–0.99 Covariance = 0.88	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.09 CFI = 0.98 TLI = 0.98 SRMR = 0.11	Coping with i10, i11, i17, and i18 Impact with i2 and i14 i1 with i2 i4 with i3 and i6 i5 with i7 i11 with i14 i17 with i16 and i18 i19 with i20
Revision #1: Free error covariances between items with similar content (i1 + i2, i3 + i4, i5 + i7) based on large modification indices and delete i18 based on limited content validity	Coping: 0.64–0.91 Impact: 0.70–0.98 Covariance = 0.92	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.07 CFI = 0.99 TLI = 0.99 SRMR = 0.09	Coping with i11, i16, and i17 Impact with i14 i1 with i3 i4 with i6 i7 with i12 i11 with i14 i16 with i17 i19 with i20
Revision #2: Delete i11 based on large modification index on Coping domain	Coping: 0.65–0.91 Impact: 0.73–0.92 Covariance = 0.87	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.07 CFI = 0.99 TLI = 0.99 SRMR = 0.09	Coping with i10 and i17 Impact with i9 i1 with i3 i4 with i6 i7 with i12 i16 with i17
Revision #3: Free error covariances between i16 + i17 based on large modification index	Coping: 0.65–0.91 Impact: 0.67–0.91 Covariance = 0.89	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.07 CFI = 0.99 TLI = 0.99 SRMR = 0.08	Coping with i10 Impact with i9 i1 with i3 i4 with i6 i7 with i12
Revision #4: Delete i10 based on large modification index on Coping domain	Coping: 0.63–0.91 Impact: 0.70–0.85 Covariance = 0.84	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.07 CFI = 0.99 TLI = 0.99 SRMR = 0.08	Impact with i9 i1 with i3 i4 with i6 i7 with i12
Revision #5: Move i9 to Impact based on large modification index on Impact domain	Coping: 0.63 to 0.91 Impact: 0.69 to 0.85 Covariance = 0.83	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.06 CFI = 0.99 TLI = 0.99 SRMR = 0.08	Impact with i5 and i14 i1 with i3 i4 with i6 i7 with i12
Revision #6: Delete i14 based on large modification index on Impact domain	Coping: 0.62–0.92 Impact: 0.70–0.85 Covariance = 0.81	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.06 CFI = 0.99 TLI = 0.99 SRMR = 0.08	Impact with i5 i7 with i12
Revision #7: Delete i7 based on large modification index with i12	Coping: 0.65–0.92 Impact: 0.71–0.86 Covariance = 0.82	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.05 CFI = 1.00 TLI = 1.00 SRMR = 0.07	Impact with i5 i5 with i15
Revision #8: Delete i8 based on poor content validity	Coping: 0.65–0.93 Impact: 0.71–0.86 Covariance = 0.81	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.06 CFI = 1.00 TLI = 1.00 SRMR = 0.07	Impact with i5 i5 with i15
Revision #9: Turn error covariances into testlet variables to evaluate final scoring model	Coping: 0.67–0.98 Impact: 0.66–0.85 Covariance = 0.88	P(χ2) < 0.001 RMSEA = 0.06 CFI = 0.98 TLI = 0.98 SRMR = 0.07	None

CFI, comparative fit index, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation, SRMR standardized root mean square residual, TLI Tucker-Lewis index

^aFit statistics that met pre-specified values for indicating good model fit are bolded and italicized