Table 3.

PICQ construct validity as assessed using known-groups defined by mesopic high-contrast UNVA

PICQ Score	Time	Groups	N	Mean	SD	Effect sizea	p-valueb
Coping	Day 1 Hour 0	20/125 or worse	20	3.21	0.52	0.19	< 0.001
		20/80 and 20/100	78	2.69	0.67
		20/63 or better	53	2.15	0.86
	Day 21 Hour 1	20/125 or worse	2	3.18	0.02	0.15	< 0.001
		20/80 and 20/100	30	2.69	0.79
		20/63 or better	115	1.84	0.93
Impact	Day 1 Hour 0	20/125 or worse	20	1.94	0.89	0.05	0.021
		20/80 and 20/100	78	1.61	0.87
		20/63 or better	53	1.30	0.99
	Day 21 Hour 1	20/125 or worse	2	1.00	0.71	0.04	0.056
		20/80 and 20/100	30	1.28	0.92
		20/63 or better	115	0.89	0.76

ANOVA analysis of variance, PICQ Presbyopia Impact and Coping Questionnaire, UNVA uncorrected near visual acuity

^aEffect size is eta-squared, computed as the between-groups sum of squares divided by the total sum of squares

^bp-value is based on an F-test from an ANOVA comparing all levels of the group