. 2021 Oct 13;7(2):549–562. doi: 10.1007/s41030-021-00176-3

Table 1.

Total number of mistakes and percentages of mistakes in MDI inhalation technique in each step for the three visits

Steps of using pMDI	Control group (101 patients)			Advanced group (100 patients)
Steps of using pMDI	visit1	visit2	visit3	visit1	visit2	visit3
1. Remove the protective cap from the mouthpiece of the MDI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2. Shake the MDI	50	32	13	75	14	7
2. Shake the MDI	49.5%	31.68%	12.8%	75%	14%	7%
3. Breathe out as far as comfortable	84	50	38	95	64	22
3. Breathe out as far as comfortable	83.17%	49.5%	37.6%	95%	64%	22%
4. Place the MDI mouthpiece between the teeth and seal with the lips	78	69	61	77	26	6
	77.23%	68.32%	60.39%	77%	26%	6%
5. Ensure that your tongue does not obstruct the mouthpiece	0	0	0	3	1	0
5. Ensure that your tongue does not obstruct the mouthpiece	0	0	0	3%	1%	0%
6. Depress the inhaler to release the dose at the start of inhalation	0	0	0	0	0	0
7. Maintain a slow inhalation rate until the lungs are full	81	72	58	77	39	13
7. Maintain a slow inhalation rate until the lungs are full	80.2%	71.28	57.43%	77%	39%	13%
8. Remove the MDI from the mouth and hold breath for 5–10 s	73	57	23	79	43	22
8. Remove the MDI from the mouth and hold breath for 5–10 s	72.28%	56.44%	22.77%	79%	43%	22%
9. If more than one dose, each time wait about 30 s before the next dose	67	61	28	80	45	25
	66.34%	60.4%	27.72%	80%	45%	25%
10. Rinse mouth and if possible, brush teeth after dosing	47	36	17	56	36	19
10. Rinse mouth and if possible, brush teeth after dosing	46.53%	35.64%	16.83%	56%	36%	19%
11. Replace cap on the MDI	0	0	0	0	0	0