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. 2021 Nov 12;162:108028. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108028

Table 2.

Rates of change in VSTM function per year. The first row indicates the change over time within each group (change/year). The second row compares the rate of change for each patient group to that of controls (difference in change/year).

Change per year Controls (N = 19) Adjusted mean [95% CI] Group difference [95% CI] (control as reference)
Early PMCs (N = 12) Late PMCs (N = 11) Symptomatic carriers (N = 6)
Identification performance: % change in odds of correct response
Overall −0.4 [-8.0, 7.8] 0.8 [-6.8, 8.9] −5.6 [-13.8, 3.4] −15.3 [-25.5, -3.7]*
NA 1.2 [-9.2, 12.8] −5.2 [-16.1, 7.2] −14.9 [-26.8, -1.1]*
Localisation error: change in % error
Overall 0.4 [-2.1, 3.1] 0.3 [-2.4, 3.1] 4.1 [0.9, 7.4]* 7.0 [0.6, 13.8]*
NA −0.1 [-3.8, 3.7] 3.6 [-0.4, 7.9] 6.5 [-0.4, 13.9]
3-items 0.4 [-2.2, 3.1] 1.4 [-1.5, 4.3] 4.0 [0.7, 7.5]* 7.3 [0.5, 14.6]*
NA 0.9 [-3.0, 5.0] 3.6 [-0.7, 8.1] 6.9 [-0.5, 14.7]
3-items, 1s 0.8 [-2.2, 3.9] 0.0 [-3.3, 3.4] 1.4 [-2.3, 5.3] 9.9 [1.7, 18.8]*
NA −0.8 [-5.2, 3.8] 0.6 [-4.1, 5.6] 9.0 [0.3, 18.5]*
3-items, 4s 0.0 [-3.0, 3.1] 2.7 [-0.7, 6.2] 6.9 [2.9, 11.0]** 4.8 [-3.4, 13.6]
NA 2.7 [-1.9, 7.4] 6.9 [1.8, 12.2]** 4.7 [-3.9, 14.2]
1-item 0.6 [-3.2, 4.4] −3.3 [-7.3, 0.8] 4.4 [-0.5, 9.5] 5.5 [-4.7, 16.9]
NA −3.9 [-9.1, 1.7] 3.8 [-2.3, 10.3] 5.0 [-5.9, 17.0]
1-item, 1s 0.9 [-3.1, 5.1] −4.6 [-8.8, -0.2]* 1.7 [-3.4, 7.0] 8.1 [-3.3, 20.8]
NA −5.5 [-11.0, 0.4] 0.7 [-5.6, 7.5] 7.1 [-4.9, 20.5]
1-item, 4s 0.2 [-3.8, 4.3] −2.0 [-6.3, 2.4] 7.2 [1.8, 12.8]** 3.0 [-7.7, 15.0]
NA −2.2 [-7.9, 3.9] 7.0 [0.2, 14.2]* 2.8 [-8.6, 15.7]
Swap error: change in √proportion
Overall −0.001 [-0.014, 0.013] −0.010 [-0.026, 0.006] 0.001 [-0.018, 0.019] −0.016 [-0.043, 0.011]
NA −0.009 [-0.030, 0.012] 0.001 [-0.022, 0.024] −0.015 [-0.045, 0.014]
Block 1, 4s −0.014 [-0.035, 0.005] −0.011 [-0.036, 0.013] 0.014 [-0.014, 0.041] −0.017 [-0.059, 0.026]
NA 0.004 [-0.028, 0.036] 0.029 [-0.005, 0.063] −0.002 [-0.049, 0.045]

Adjusted mean difference in rate of change per year by group and compared to controls. CI= Confidence intervals; NA = not applicable; PMC = presymptomatic mutation carrier. Bold = significant; *: significant at p < 0.05. **: significant at p < 0.01; % change in odds calculated as (odds ratio-1)*100.