. 2021 Nov 13;21:2081. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12172-y

Table 2.

Perceived impact of COVID-19 by experience in selected livelihood items

Selected livelihood items	T (N₁, N₂)	Mdn1	Mdn2	U	z-test	r	p-value
Housing situation	198 (58,140)	8	6	3136.5	2.537	0.180	0.011^a
Finding work	198 (93,105)	7	6	3960	2.311	0.164	0.021^a
Feeling of safety	198 (129,69)	7	6	3696.5	1.978	0.141	0.048^a
Foods	198 (63,135)	8	6	3556	1.869	0.133	0.062
Clothing	198 (40,158)	8	6	2438	2.248	0.160	0.025^a
Financial situation	198 (101,97)	7	6	3842.5	2.641	0.188	0.008^a
Accessing social services	198 (103,95)	7	6	4075	2.046	0.145	0.041^a
Social support activities	198 (121,77)	7	7	4388	0.694	0.049	0.488
Healthcare services	198 (67,131)	7	7	4231.5	0.415	0.029	0.678
Schooling	198 (82,116)	7	7	4414	0.868	0.062	0.385
Vocational Training	198 (78,120)	8	6	3695	2.52	0.179	0.012^a
Language classes	198 (63,135)	7	7	3942	0.833	0.059	0.405
Relationships with partner	198 (43,155)	8	6	2652	2.063	0.147	0.039^a
Relationships with children	198 (48,150)	7	7	3372	0.665	0.047	0.506
Mental wellbeing	198 (79,119)	7	6	4010	1.763	0.125	0.078
Alcohol use	198 (29,169)	8	6	1704.5	2.638	0.187	0.008^a
Substance use	198 (18,180)	8	7	1352	1.165	0.083	0.244
Gambling	198 (12,186)	6	7	1055	0.32	0.023	0.749

T Total respondents, N₁ Number of respondents rating their experience in the selected livelihood items as “worse”, N₂ Number of respondents rating their experience in the selected livelihood items as “same”, Mdn1 Median impact score for respondents who rated their experience in the selected livelihood items as “worse”, Mdn2 Median impact score for respondents who rated their experience in the selected livelihood items as “same”, U Mann-Whitney U Statistics, r Effect Size

^aStatistically significant difference at 0.05 significance level