Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of ACS Subgroups
| Variables | STEMI (n = 10) | NSTEMI (n = 10) | UA (n = 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 62.20 ± 6.16 | 63.10 ± 4.10 | 62.18 ± 4.02 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 1 (10) | 3 (30) | 4 (36) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 8 (80) | 5 (50) | 7 (64) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6 (60) | 10 (100) | 11 (100) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 8 (80) | 8 (80) | 11 (100) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 6 (60) | 8 (80) | 8 (73) |
| PAD, n (%) | 1 (10) | 3 (30) | 4 (36) |
| History of ischemic stroke, n (%) | 4 (40) | 5 (50) | 4 (36) |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 6 (60) | 2 (20) | 1 (9) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.51 ± 1.64 | 27.98 ± 3.86 | 25.14 ± 2.16 |
| DAC (cm), mean ± SD | 84.80 ± 9.53 | 95.05 ± 10.24 | 88.95 ± 8.33 |
| Heart rate (bpm), mean ± SD | 77.20 ± 14.68 | 69.40 ± 10.88 | 70.73 ± 10.70 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 123.60 ± 31.28 | 133.70 ± 21.76 | 144.45 ± 21.36 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 68.30 ± 24.86 | 76.70 ± 12.79 | 81.55 ± 16.31 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| TnI (ng/mL), median (IQR 25%–75%) | 0.63 (0.02–5.65) | 0.19 (0.03–1.05) | 0.02 (0.002–0.34) |
| TnT (ng/mL), median (IQR 25%–75%) | 0.65 (0.10–1.53) | 0.03 (0.01–0.09) | 0.02 (0.01–0.06) |
| CK (U/L), median (IQR 25%–75%) | 277 (77–426) | 66 (60–160) | 67 (52–97) |
| CK–MB (ng/mL), median (IQR 25%–75%) | 9.75 (4.62–29.28) | 2.25 (1.10–4.00) | 1.40 (0.80–2.40) |
| LDH (U/L), median (IQR 25%–75%) | 224.50 (170.25–435.50) | 189.00 (162.25–218.00) | 172.00 (149.00–283.00) |
| NT–proBNP (pg/mL), median (IQR 25%–75%) | 784 (581–914) | 256 (123–788) | 187 (92–1170) |
| Scr (µmol/L), mean ± SD | 69.41 ± 14.19 | 68.40 ± 9.20 | 70.43 ± 16.85 |
| HBA1c (%), median (IQR 25%–75%) | 7.08 (6.40–10.48) | 7.00 (6.15–8.63) | 6.80 (6.20–7.80) |
| TC (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 4.29 ± 0.65 | 3.74 ± 1.18 | 3.53 ± 1.06 |
| TG (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 1.40 ± 0.50 | 1.92 ± 0.78 | 1.23 ± 0.33 |
| HDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 0.96 ± 0.24 | 1.13 ± 0.60 | 1.09 ± 0.30 |
| LDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 2.56 ± 0.50 | 1.93 ± 0.84 | 1.89 ± 0.73 |
| Sodium (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 139.67 ± 2.49 | 141.10 ± 2.05 | 140.07 ± 2.51 |
| Potassium (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 4.08 ± 0.44 | 3.88 ± 0.32 | 4.07 ± 0.39 |
| Echocardiography, mean ± SD | |||
| LVEF (%) | 58.30 ± 10.19 | 64.10 ± 3.78 | 64.55 ± 9.28 |
| E/A | 1.12 ± 0.27 | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.80 ± 0.22 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 3.06 ± 0.59 | 2.74 ± 0.53 | 2.60 ± 0.53 |
| Concomitant medication, n (%) | |||
| Statin | 8 (80) | 7 (70) | 11 (100) |
| Aspirin | 8 (80) | 8 (80) | 10 (91) |
| Clopidogrel/ticagrelor | 10 (100) | 9 (90) | 6 (55) |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 5 (50) | 4 (40) | 3 (27) |
| Beta blocker | 8 (80) | 6 (60) | 7 (64) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 0 (0) | 4 (40) | 7 (64) |
| Insulin | 2 (20) | 2 (20) | 2 (18) |
STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-STEMI; UA, unstable angina; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; CAD, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; TnI, troponin I; IQR, interquartile range; TnT, troponin T; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; Scr, serum creatinine; HBA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerol; HDL, high-density protein; LDL, low-density protein; LVEF, left-ventricular ejection fraction; E/A, ratio of early to late transmitral flow velocity; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.