Table 5.

Effect of Curcuma longa extract (CLE) on serum inflammatory markers^a

	Change from baseline						Repeated measures two-way ANOVA
	Week 4		Week 8		Week 12		Group	Time	Interaction
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
CRP, mg/dL
Placebo	0.019	0.044	0.036	0.091	0.016	0.047	0.057	0.363	0.302
CLE	0.021	0.089	0.002	0.032	−0.007*	0.035
C3, mg/dL
Placebo	4.13	7.94	0.10	9.33	7.26	9.00	0.514	< 0.001	0.138
CLE	4.00	8.14	1.41	11.90	2.66*	8.20
C4, mg/dL
Placebo	0.06	2.78	0.71	3.57	1.48	3.47	0.366	0.094	0.135
CLE	0.28	2.58	−0.07	3.42	0.34	2.69
Fibrinogen, mg/dL
Placebo	9.0	27.9	11.4	46.3	15.1	35.5	0.648	0.371	0.950
CLE	5.3	50.6	3.7	29.7	12.0	37.8

CRP: C-reactive protein; C3: complement component 3; C4: complement component 4

^aValues represent the means and standard deviations at 4, 8, and 12 weeks for n = 31, 31, and 31 (placebo group) or n = 29, 27, and 29 (CLE group), respectively. *p < 0.05: Significant difference from the placebo group by repeated measures two-way ANOVA, followed by the two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test when variance was homogeneous or the Aspin-Welch t test when variance was heterogeneous