Table 2.
Odds of Major Depressive Episode and Anxiety Disorder Associated with Two Risk Factors: Adverse Childhood Experience Score and Gender
| Prevalence of Disorder, Proportion (%)a | Model 1b | Model 2c | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Factor | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
P Valued | |
| Major Depressive Episodee | ||||
| ACE score | ||||
| 0 | 158/1955 (9.2) | Reference | Reference | |
| 1 | 120/1141 (11.7) | 1.30 (0.97, 1.74) | 1.16 (0.86, 1.57) | |
| 2 | 129/768 (19.2) | 2.38 (1.79, 3.18) | 2.01 (1.49, 2.72) | <.001 |
| 3–5 | 114/480 (25.5) | 3.34 (2.45, 4.56) | 2.34 (1.67, 3.28) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Males | 156/2009 (9.0) | Reference | Reference | |
| Females | 365/2335 (17.8) | 2.18 (1.72, 2.78) | 2.24 (1.74, 2.87) | <.001 |
| Anxiety Disorderf | ||||
| ACE score | ||||
| 0 | 95/1955 (5.5) | Reference | Reference | |
| 1 | 89/1141 (9.6) | 1.84 (1.30, 2.61) | 1.70 (1.19, 2.44) | |
| 2 | 101/768 (13.8) | 2.82 (2.01, 3.95) | 2.45 (1.72, 3.49) | <.001 |
| 3–5 | 87/480 (20.3) | 4.38 (3.05, 6.27) | 3.05 (2.06, 4.51) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Males | 97/2009 (6.1) | Reference | Reference | |
| Females | 275/2335 (13.2) | 2.33 (1.74, 3.11) | 2.40 (1.79, 3.22) | <.001 |
aPrevalence is unadjusted. Proportion = number with the mental health disorder/ number in the group defined by adverse childhood experience (ACE) score (count of 5 categories of exposure to ACEs as 4 levels) or gender (male or female). All numbers unweighted. Percentage = weighted 12-month prevalence of major depressive episode or anxiety disorder
bModel 1 is logistic regression model with the mental health disorder (major depressive episode or anxiety disorder) as the dependent variable and ACE score (as 4 levels) and gender as independent variables (N = 4344)
cModel 2 is logistic regression model with the mental health disorder (major depressive episode or anxiety disorder) as the dependent variable and ACE score, gender, and 4 covariates (age, race, childhood socioeconomic disadvantage [SED] and current SED) as independent variables. N = 4275 after a listwise deletion of 69 participants (31 males and 38 females), who were missing data on race, childhood SED, or current SED
dP value for the Wald test, which was used to assess whether the addition of the ACE score or gender significantly improved the model fit over a model with 4 covariates and the other risk factor (ACE score or gender)
eWald test was used to assess the addition of three gender x ACE interaction terms to Model 2: F(3, 4272) = 1.22; P = .302 (assessing interaction in a multiplicative model)
fWald test was used to assess the addition of three gender x ACE interaction terms to Model 2: F(3, 4272) = 1.17; P = .318 (assessing interaction in a multiplicative model)