Table 1.
Patient Characteristics Before and After the COVID-19 Changes in Model of Care
| Pre-COVID-19 |
During COVID-19 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOE (n = 1,934) |
EP (n = 11,378) |
LOE (n = 1,506) |
EP (n = 11,967) |
All Patients, N (%) (N = 26,787) |
|
| Age in Years, Median (IQR) | 5.0 (2.0–10.1) | 4.9 (1.7–11.0) | 5.6 (1.8–11.5) | 6.3 (2.1–12.9) | 5.5 (1.9–11.9) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1,026 (53.1) | 6,026 (53.0) | 816 (54.2) | 6,126 (51.2) | 13,996 (52.2) |
| Female | 908 (46.9) | 5,352 (47.0) | 690 (45.8) | 5,840 (48.8) | 12,790 (47.7) |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) |
| Language | |||||
| English | 11 (0.6) | 10,911 (95.9) | 7 (0.5) | 11,634 (97.2) | 22,563 (84.2) |
| Spanish | 1,243 (64.3) | 198 (1.7) | 925 (61.4) | 158 (1.3) | 2,524 (9.4) |
| Somali | 121 (6.3) | 66 (0.6) | 80 (5.3) | 43 (0.4) | 310 (1.2) |
| Vietnamese | 88 (4.6) | 16 (0.1) | 65 (4.3) | 10 (0.1) | 179 (0.7) |
| Amharic | 65 (3.4) | 34 (0.3) | 69 (4.6) | 19 (0.2) | 187 (0.7) |
| Cantonese | 81 (4.2) | 13 (0.1) | 24 (1.6) | 2 (0.0) | 120 (0.4) |
| Mandarin | 62 (3.2) | 13 (0.1) | 39 (2.6) | 11 (0.1) | 125 (0.5) |
| Arabic | 31 (1.6) | 18 (0.2) | 37 (2.5) | 5 (0.0) | 91 (0.3) |
| Tigrinya | 29 (1.5) | 10 (0.1) | 35 (2.3) | 8 (0.1) | 82 (0.3) |
| Russian | 19 (1.0) | 17 (0.1) | 35 (2.3) | 11 (0.1) | 82 (0.3) |
| Other | 184 (9.5) | 82 (0.7) | 190 (12.6) | 66 (0.6) | 524 (2.0) |
| Interpretation Mode | |||||
| None | 801 (41.4) | 11,230 (98.7) | 448 (29.7) | 11,806 (98.7) | 24,287 (90.7) |
| Video Only | 662 (34.2) | 90 (0.8) | 215 (14.3) | 48 (0.4) | 1,015 (3.8) |
| Multiple Types | 241 (12.5) | 20 (0.2) | 487 (32.3) | 50 (0.4) | 798 (3.0) |
| In Person Only | 198 (10.2) | 27 (0.2) | 27 (1.8) | 3 (0.0) | 255 (1.0) |
| Phone Only | 32 (1.7) | 11 (0.1) | 329 (21.8) | 60 (0.5) | 432 (1.6) |
| ESI | |||||
| 1 - Critical | 7 (0.4) | 62 (0.5) | 13 (0.9) | 75 (0.6) | 157 (0.6) |
| 2 - Emergency | 297 (15.4) | 3,254 (28.6) | 292 (19.4) | 3,570 (29.9) | 7,413 (27.7) |
| 3 - Urgent | 672 (34.8) | 4,768 (41.9) | 677 (45.0) | 6,060 (50.7) | 12,178 (45.5) |
| 4 - Non-Urgent | 851 (44.0) | 2,835 (24.9) | 454 (30.2) | 1,979 (16.6) | 6,119 (22.9) |
| 5 - Minor | 107 (5.5) | 452 (4.0) | 68 (4.5) | 267 (2.2) | 894 (3.3) |
| Payer | |||||
| Medicaid/Healthy Options | 1,697 (87.7) | 4,986 (43.8) | 602 (88.7) | 2,021 (39.5) | 9,306 (48.7) |
| Commercial | 159 (8.2) | 5,924 (52.1) | 44 (6.5) | 2,846 (55.7) | 8,974 (47.0) |
| Self-Pay | 75 (3.9) | 313 (2.8) | 30 (4.4) | 138 (2.7) | 557 (2.9) |
| Other Government | 3 (0.2) | 154 (1.4) | 3 (0.4) | 105 (2.1) | 265 (1.4) |
| PMCA | |||||
| Nonchronic | 1,343 (69.5) | 7,114 (62.5) | 701 (62.8) | 4,355 (55.8) | 13,514 (60.8) |
| Noncomplex Chronic | 314 (16.2) | 2,258 (19.9) | 179 (16.0) | 1,529 (19.6) | 4,280 (19.3) |
| Complex Chronic | 276 (14.3) | 2,006 (17.6) | 236 (21.1) | 1,915 (24.6) | 4,433 (19.9) |
| Admitted to Inpatient | 213 (11.0) | 2,071 (18.2) | 265 (17.6) | 2,590 (21.6) | 5,139 (19.2) |
LOE, patients with a language for care other than English; EP, patients who have an English preference; IQR, interquartile range; ESI, Emergency Severity Index, indicating triage acuity, with 1 indicating highest acuity; PMCA, Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm, based on three years’ worth of diagnosis codes.