Table 3.
50 most common post-acute COVID-19 patient symptoms in electronic health record clinical notes by symptom frequency, and corresponding precision of natural language processing (NLP) performance for unique symptom extraction.
| Top 1–25 Symptoms | % frequency of symptoms | Precision | Top 26–50 Symptoms | % frequency of symptoms | Precision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | 43.1 | 0.94 | Insomnia | 11.2 | 0.94 |
| Anxiety | 25.8 | 0.98 | Pain in extremities | 10.7 | 1.0 |
| Depression | 24.0 | 0.90 | Paresthesia | 10.7 | 0.92 |
| Fatigue | 23.4 | 1.0 | Peripheral edema | 10.5 | 0.98 |
| Joint pain | 21.0 | 0.98 | Palpitations | 10.3 | 0.94 |
| Shortness of breath | 20.8 | 0.94 | Diarrhea | 10.3 | 0.92 |
| Headache | 20.0 | 0.92 | Itching | 9.4 | 0.92 |
| Nausea and/or vomiting | 19.9 | 1.0 | Erythema | 9.2 | 0.98 |
| Myalgia | 19.0 | 0.96 | Lower urinary tract symptoms | 8.7 | 0.98 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux | 18.6 | 0.94 | Lymphadenopathy | 8.3 | 0.96 |
| Cough | 17.5 | 0.92 | Edema | 7.9 | 0.88 |
| Back pain | 16.9 | 0.98 | Weight gain | 7.3 | 0.98 |
| Stress | 15.1 | 0.86 | Sinonasal congestion | 7.1 | 0.96 |
| Fever | 14.7 | 0.94 | Pain in throat | 6.4 | 0.98 |
| Swelling | 14.7 | 0.90 | Abnormal gait | 5.9 | 1.0 |
| Bleeding | 14.7 | 0.90 | Respiratory distress | 5.8 | 0.82 |
| Weight loss* | 14.2 | 0.98 | Visual changes | 5.8 | 0.92 |
| Abdominal pain | 14.1 | 0.98 | Chills | 5.6 | 0.86 |
| Dizziness or vertigo | 14.0 | 0.94 | Urinary incontinence | 5.6 | 0.96 |
| Chest pain | 12.5 | 0.90 | Sleep apnea | 5.4 | 0.94 |
| Weakness | 12.3 | 0.94 | Confusion | 5.4 | 0.98 |
| Constipation | 11.9 | 0.96 | Hearing loss | 5.2 | 1.0 |
| Skin lesion | 11.9 | 0.94 | Problem with smell or taste | 5.0 | 0.94 |
| Wheezing | 11.9 | 0.98 | Difficulty swallowing | 4.9 | 0.98 |
| Rash | 11.4 | 0.82 | Loss of appetite | 4.8 | 0.96 |