Table 1.
Measurement items wording and descriptive statistics.
| Scale/Item | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccine efficacy | ||||
| The vaccine would work to prevent infection by the virus. | 3.67 | 1.06 | −0.64 | 0.21 |
| If I got the vaccine, I would be less likely to get the virus. | 3.69 | 1.11 | −0.71 | 0.04 |
| Taking the vaccine would be an effective way of reducing the risk of infection. | 3.78 | 1.13 | −0.77 | −0.02 |
| Self-efficacy | ||||
| I would be able to get the vaccine if I wanted. | 3.66 | 0.95 | −0.36 | −0.03 |
| The vaccine would be easy for me to get. | 3.41 | 0.96 | −0.25 | −0.09 |
| It would be difficult for me to get vaccinated. (reverse-coded) | 3.54 | 1.09 | −0.28 | −0.62 |
| Vaccine risk | ||||
| If I received the vaccine, I would be at risk of getting side effects. | 3.22 | 1.00 | −0.34 | −0.05 |
| If I received the vaccine, my chance of getting side effects would be high. | 2.80 | 1.03 | 0.02 | −0.07 |
| If I received the vaccine, I would be more likely than other people of getting side effects. | 2.69 | 1.03 | −0.14 | −0.52 |
| The vaccine would cause serious illness. | 2.50 | 1.10 | 0.31 | −0.35 |
| Health effects of the vaccine would be severe. | 2.62 | 1.12 | 0.23 | −0.48 |
| Effects of the vaccine would affect my usual activities. | 2.73 | 1.01 | 0.06 | −0.13 |
| The vaccine would have considerable negative consequences. | 2.64 | 1.10 | 0.14 | −0.51 |
| Vaccination willingness | ||||
| I would be willing to take the vaccine. | 3.68 | 1.30 | −0.65 | −0.69 |
| I would avoid taking the vaccine. (reverse-coded) | 3.69 | 1.38 | −0.61 | −0.94 |
| I would encourage others to take the vaccine. | 3.52 | 1.25 | −0.46 | −0.64 |
| Scale/Item | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
| Vaccine conspiracy beliefs | ||||
| Vaccine safety data is often fabricated. | 2.42 | 1.25 | 0.51 | −0.72 |
| Immunizing children is harmful and this fact is covered up. | 2.05 | 1.23 | 0.89 | −0.31 |
| Pharmaceutical companies cover up the dangers of vaccines. | 2.67 | 1.31 | 0.21 | −1.01 |
| People are deceived about the effectiveness of vaccines. | 2.44 | 1.31 | 0.51 | −0.84 |
| Data on the effectiveness of vaccines is often fabricated. | 2.45 | 1.28 | 0.43 | −0.85 |
| People are deceived about vaccine safety. | 2.49 | 1.29 | 0.44 | −0.84 |
| The government is trying to cover up the link between vaccines and autism. | 2.24 | 1.23 | 0.53 | −0.75 |
| Science pessimism | ||||
| The world would be better without today’s technology. | 2.16 | 1.19 | 0.67 | −0.60 |
| Our leaders need to stop funding science research. | 1.95 | 1.17 | 1.06 | 0.14 |
| Science has created more problems in society than solutions. | 2.18 | 1.19 | 0.67 | −0.48 |
| Scientists purposefully hide the truth from the public. | 2.37 | 1.21 | 0.45 | −0.87 |
| Scientists don’t value my concerns when making decisions. | 2.51 | 1.19 | 0.34 | −0.77 |
| Scientists exaggerate the truth for their own personal gain. | 2.50 | 1.23 | 0.27 | −1.05 |
| Media dependency | ||||
| Information in the mainstream media helps me find out about COVID-19. | 3.70 | 1.05 | −0.80 | 0.23 |
| Information in the mainstream media helps me observe how others deal with COVID-19. | 3.57 | 1.05 | −0.67 | 0.14 |
| Information in the mainstream media gives me ideas about how to discuss the issue of COVID-19 with others. | 3.37 | 1.12 | −0.57 | −0.31 |
| Information in the mainstream media helps me figure out how I can deal with COVID-19. | 3.51 | 1.13 | −0.70 | −0.10 |
| Scale/Item | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
| COVID-19 susceptibility | ||||
| I am at risk of getting the virus. | 3.43 | 1.16 | −0.50 | −0.47 |
| My chance of getting the virus is high. | 2.99 | 1.10 | 0.02 | −0.51 |
| I am more likely than other people to get the virus. | 2.65 | 1.14 | 0.11 | −0.70 |
| COVID-19 severity | ||||
| The virus causes serious illness. | 4.19 | 0.98 | −1.14 | 0.83 |
| Health effects of the virus are severe. | 4.00 | 1.02 | −0.87 | 0.33 |
| Effects of the virus would affect my usual activities. | 3.98 | 1.07 | −1.00 | 0.56 |
| The virus has considerable negative consequences. | 4.08 | 1.06 | −1.19 | 1.02 |