Table 5.
Summary of antimicrobial resistance results in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry published in the last 5 years, within the five continents.
| Study | Region | Reference | Publishing year | No. of isolates | Resistance profile (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Africa | Chishimba et al. | 2016 | 77 | AMP (100), C (57,1), CAZ (100), CIP (48,1), GM (37,7), NAL (48,1), NOR (54,5), S (20,8), SXT (41,6), T (59,7) |
| 2 | Africa | Awogbemi et al. | 2018 | 10 | AMC (100), AMP (90), AMX (100), C (90), ERY (80) GM (50), OB (80), P (80), S (70), T (90) |
| 3 | Africa | Osmam et al. | 2018 | 30 | AMP (90), AMX (90), C (53,3), CE (0), CEF (56,7), CIP (30), CLD (96,7), COL (0), DOX (100), ENR (60), ERY (96,7), FOS (0), GM (10), NEO (73,3), NOR (93,3), OT (100), PEF (80), RIF (86,7), S (93,3), SP (86,7), SPT (100), SXT (76,7), UB (90) |
| 4 | North America | Johnson et al. | 2017 | 75 | AMC (21), AMP (41), C (7), CEF (12), CIP (1,3), CRO (13), FOX (12), GM (55), KA (13), S (47), SUL (63), SXT (12), T (51) |
| 5 | South America | Donado-Godoy et al. | 2014 | 164 | AMP (55), CIP (23), CTX (24) |
| 6 | South America | Koga et al. | 2015 | 39 | AMC (28,2), AMP (100), C (17,9), CAZ (5,1) CIP (43,6), CTX (94,9), ENR (41), GM (43,6), KZ (100), NAL (74,4), NIT (10,3), NOR (30,8), SXT (33,3), T (97,4) |
| 7 | South America | Monte et al. | 2017 | 8 | AMX (50), CEF (87,5), COL (62,5), CRO (100), CTX (100), FOX (37,5), GM (62,5), PB (87,5), SXT (12,5), T (50) |
| 8 | South America | Ferreira et al. | 2018 | 36 | AMC (100), AZI (44,4), C (47,2), CAZ (66,7), CIP (100), CTX (100), FEP (13,9), FOX (72,2), GM (30,6), LEV (94,4), NAL (100), SXT (30,6), T (88,9) |
| 9 | Asia | Nguyen et al. | 2015 | 895 | AK (5,4), AMC (47,9), AMP (86), C (68,1), CAZ (2), CIP (32,5), CRO (2,5), GM (19,9), SXT (69,7), T (93,4) |
| 10 | Asia | Brower et al. | 2017 | 1556 | AMP (43,8), C (7,1), CFX (4), CIP (39,4), COT (42,2), GM (12,9), IMP (0), NAL (86,1), NIT (18,4), T (47) |
| 11 | Asia | Amir et al. | 2017 | 450 | AMX (55,1), AZI (39,8), C (56,2), CE (64,7), CIP (72,7), CRO (9,1), GM (59,6), NAL (67,6), OT (99,3), P (80,7) |
| 12 | Asia | Hussain et al. | 2017 | 168 | C (8), CAZ (37), CIP (70), COT (45), FOS (4), GM (32), T (84) |
| 13 | Europe | Hasman et al. | 2015 | 5 | AK (0), ATM (100), CAZ (100), CIP (20), CTX (100), COL (100), DOR (0), DOX (40), ETP (0), FEP (0), GM (0), IMP (0), LEV (20), MEM (0), MH (20), PB (100), SXT (60), T (0), TGC (0), TIM (40), TZP (0) |
| 14 | Europe | Lambrecht et al. | 2017 | 35 | AMP (100), AZI (2,9), C (42,9), CAZ (62,9), CIP (91,4), COL (2,9), CTX (65,7), GM (2,9), MEM (0), NAL (54,3), SUL (80), T (62,9), TGC (0), TMP (74,3) |
AK amikacin, AMC amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, AMP ampicillin, AMX amoxicillin, AZI azithromycin, C chloramphenicol, CAZ ceftazidime, CE cefradine, CEF ceftiofur, CFX cefuroxime, CIP ciprofloxacin, CLD clindamycin, COL colistin, COT co-trimoxazole, CRO ceftriaxone, CTX cefotaxime, DOR doripenem, DOX doxycycline, ENR enrofloxacin, ERY erythromycin, ETP ertapenem, FEP cefepime, FLM flumequine, FOS fosfomycin, FOX cefoxitin, GM gentamicin, IMP imipenem, KA kanamycin, KZ cefazoline, LEV levofloxacin, MEM meropenem, MH minocycline, NAL nalidixic acid, NEO neomycin, NIT nitrofurantoin, NOR norfloxacin, OB cloxacillin, OT oxytetracycline, P penicillin, PB polymyxin B, PEF pefloxacin, RIF rifampicin, S streptomycin, SP spermidine, SPT spectinomycin, SUL sulfamethoxazole, SXT sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, T tetracycline, TGC tigecycline, TIM ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, TMP trimethoprim, TZP piperacillin/tazobactam