Fig. 4. Relationship between the statistical significance (−log₁₀Pvalue) of PRS association including and excluding participants endorsing substance use (x axis and y axis, respectively).

The analyses were conducted on the covariates of model 1 (i.e., ten principal components, Sex, Age, Type of Interview, Medical Rating). The definition of the phenotype abbreviations is available in Supplementary Table S1. The dashed lines represent the linear relationship between the results obtained from these analyses with respect to the different drinking and smoking polygenic risk scores tested. PRS polygenic risk score, DPW drinks per week, ASI age of smoking initiation, SI smoking initiation, CPD cigarettes per day, SC smoking cessation, PGC-CD Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Cross Disorder, CP cognitive performance, EA educational attainment, GR general-risk-taking behavior, HI household income, PNC Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.